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However, the evolution of citation structure remains poorly understood despite long\u2010period and frequent use of citation counts for assessment purposes within scientific community. We observe citation structure from a cascade perspective and construct a large and long\u2010range citation graph based on real data. Two metrics are used to quantify the structural virality and cascade size. Preliminary results show that (1) age plays an important role for the evolution of citation cascades; (2) average depth tends to be influenced by both lifespan and the whole volume of scientific literature and grows much slower than cascade size; (3) there exists a stable positive relationship between average depth and cascade size, and it seems that an ultimate status exists where most papers eventually have large values for both metrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T03:35:36Z","timestamp":1508816136000},"page":"761-763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Quantifying the evolution of citation cascades"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management Nanjing University China"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management Nanjing University China"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.15.5.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fersht A.(2009). The most influential journals:Impact Factorand Eigenfactor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(17) 6883\u20136884.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903307106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2015.2158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirsch J. E.(2005).An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output.Proceedings of the National academy of Sciences 16569\u201316572.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507655102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Min C. Ding Y. Li J. Pei L. &Sun J.(2017).Innovation or imitation: The diffusion of citations. Under review."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpra2.2017.14505401147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401147","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T16:23:51Z","timestamp":1761063831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pra2.2017.14505401147","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-9231","2373-9231"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2373-9231"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2373-9231"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}