{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:01:06Z","timestamp":1773666066489,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]],"date-time":"2004-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3991,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proteins"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two complementary methods for measuring local pitch based on heptad position in \u03b1\u2010helical coiled coils are described and applied to six crystal structures. The results reveal a diversity of pitch values: two\u2010stranded coiled coils appear to have pitch values near 150 \u00c5 the values for three\u2010 and four\u2010stranded coiled coils range closer to 200 \u00c5. The methods also provide a rapid and sensitive gauge of local coiled\u2010coil conformation. Polar or charged residues in the apolar interface between coiled\u2010coil helices markedly affect local pitch values, suggesting a connection between pitch uniformity and coiled\u2010coil stability. Moreover, the identification of a skip residue (heptad frame shift) in the hemaglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus (HA) allows interpretation of local pitch changes. These results on relatively short coiled\u2010coil structures have relevance for the much longer fibrous proteins (many of which have skip residues) whose detailed structures are not yet established. We also show that local pitch values from molecular dynamics predictions of the GCN4 leucine zipper are in striking agreement with the high\u2010resolution crystal structure\u2014a result not readily discerned by direct comparison of atomic coordinates. Taken together, these methods reveal specific aspects of coiled\u2010coil structure which may escape detection by global analyses of pitch. \u00a9 1993 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.340150302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,29]],"date-time":"2005-05-29T01:24:47Z","timestamp":1117329887000},"page":"223-234","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Pitch diversity in \u03b1\u2010helical coiled coils"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carolyn","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.340070102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.252.5009.1162"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(63)80053-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0365110X53001964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(64)80034-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(67)90099-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/218656a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(70)90294-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/278413a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(86)90468-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(92)90899-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(75)80084-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(75)80119-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.1.403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80101-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1948029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.340140403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(87)90315-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/356408a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/347249a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/289366a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(87)90039-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/4.6.649"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00114a002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(05)80275-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-9822(92)90241-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2237415"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(89)90229-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(91)90167-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","first-page":"449","article-title":"Influenza virus haemagglutinin. 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