{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T21:31:49Z","timestamp":1771882309731,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Quality &amp; Reliability Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Coefficient of variation (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) charts are widely adopted in many industries to monitor processes without a consistent mean (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and which has a standard deviation (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) that is dependent on\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and synthetic (Syn)\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    charts show different strengths, where the EWMA\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    chart is sensitive toward small and moderate shifts, while the synthetic\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    chart shows better sensitivities toward large shifts. Hence, the Syn\u2010EWMA\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    chart is proposed, where it combines the features of both charts. This paper contributes to the literature by (i) developing the proposed chart's operations; (ii) deriving the formulae of the average run length (ARL), standard deviation of the run length (SDRL), and expected average run length (EARL); and (iii) formulating algorithms that optimize its performance. The proposed chart is shown to outperform the Shewhart, EWMA, and synthetic\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    charts across all shifts. Lastly, the implementation on a sintering process is shown.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.3785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T09:13:36Z","timestamp":1744967616000},"page":"2481-2494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Monitoring the Coefficient of Variation Using a Synthetic Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Chart"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Bryan Chek Hui","family":"Thien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences Sunway University  Petaling Jaya Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0579-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Chung","family":"Yeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computing &amp; Informatics Multimedia University Persiaran Multimedia  Cyberjaya Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sok Li","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Accounting and Finance Faculty of Business &amp; Law Taylor's University Jalan Taylors  Subang Jaya Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5670-6043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi Lin","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Jalan Universiti  Kampar Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3245-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael B. C.","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia  Penang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224065.2007.11917682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.3057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00949655.2022.2061486"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16843703.2023.2177812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7166\/33-1-2545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01423312231213125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00949655.2021.1998825"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.Hu S.Zhang andG.Sun \u201cOne\u2010Sided Double EWMA Charts for Monitoring the Coefficient of Variation \u201d in2022 41st Chinese Control Conference (CCC) Hefei China (2022) 5905\u20135910.","DOI":"10.23919\/CCC55666.2022.9902209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15050999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45070-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610918.2022.2057539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2022.108212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2022.09.552"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.3340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270151"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Economic and Economic\u2010Statistical Designs of Multivariate Coefficient of Variation Chart","volume":"20","author":"Ng W. C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"REVSTAT\u2010Statistical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2023.102845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2023.109159"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Development of CV Control Chart Using EWMA Technique","volume":"31","author":"Hong E.\u2010P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224065.2011.11917861"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2014.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.3036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224065.2017.11918004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.09.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00949655.2011.639772"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.2843"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JTE20160500"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271855"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2397-2335.1932.tb03967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2332616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/55.3.580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610918208812287"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9473(96)83707-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9780898719734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","volume-title":"Matrix\u2010Geometric Solutions in Stochastic Models: An Algorithmic Approach","author":"Neuts M. F.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/QEN-120018385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","volume-title":"Probabilistic Engineering Design","author":"Siddall J. N.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-01517-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","volume-title":"Manufacturing Engineering and Technology","author":"Kalpakjian S.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(90)90029-2"}],"container-title":["Quality and Reliability Engineering International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/qre.3785","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/qre.3785","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/qre.3785","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T16:19:04Z","timestamp":1771345144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/qre.3785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/qre.3785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/qre.3785","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-8017","1099-1638"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-8017","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1638","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}