{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T14:05:04Z","timestamp":1779199504136,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Quality &amp; Reliability Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research paper presents a novel system reliability analysis approach that integrates a fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN) with a fuzzy fault tree (FFT) and utilizes weakest t\u2010norm ()\u2010based fuzzy arithmetic operations. When quantitative failure data for system components is imprecise or unavailable, expert opinions expressed as qualitative linguistic terms are utilized. In this study, linguistic terms are quantified using triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Since experts may have diverse opinions regarding the failure data or possibilities of system components, a \u2010based improved similarity aggregation method (\u2010ISAM) is employed to consolidate their fuzzy assessments with reduced uncertainty spread. Additionally, \u2010based fuzzy arithmetic operations are applied to minimize the propagation of uncertainty during fuzzy computations. This paper analyzes the impact of expert group selection and their opinions on the failure probability of the top event. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed research study, we perform a case study of crankcase explosions in Marine diesel engines. Three distinct expert groups assess the occurrence possibilities of basic events(BEs). The results show that when experts agree, the group composition has minimal impact on top event (TE) probability. However, when experts' opinions differ, there is a significant change in the TE probability, showing that the results are sensitive to expert opinions. The Fussell\u2010Vesely importance measure is utilized to rank the BEs based on their contribution to the TE occurrence. For verification purposes, the obtained results are compared with some existing methods. The findings of this research study have significantly contributed to the theoretical understanding and practical advancements in maritime safety, environmental protection, and the global\u00a0economy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.3814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T03:50:33Z","timestamp":1748490633000},"page":"2909-2927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hybrid Tw$T_w$\u2010Based Integrated FFT\u2010FBN Approach for System Reliability Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Kulbir","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management Ahmedabad Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7609-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences Institute of Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management Ahmedabad Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Fault Tree Handbook","author":"Vesely W. E.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Fault Tree Analysis Primer","author":"Ericson C. A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"An Introduction to Bayesian Networks","author":"Jensen F. V.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Markov Chains","author":"Norris J. R.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Failure Mode and Effect Analysis","author":"Stamatis D. H.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/9780470546277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.24143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"H. A.Watson et\u00a0al. \u201cLaunch Control Safety Study \u201dSection VIIVol. 1 Bell Labs Murray Hill 1961 New Jersey."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-4230(92)80059-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2004.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2011.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anucene.2013.01.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2019.106510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jisys-2018-0159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.net.2022.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Y.LinandC. E.Donaghey \u201cA Monte Carlo Simulation to Determine Minimal Cut Sets and System Reliability \u201d inAnnual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium 1993 Proceedings(IEEE 1993) 246\u2013249.","DOI":"10.1109\/RAMS.1993.296848"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-008-0290-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2012.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(88)90140-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.1983.5221727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Onisawa System Reliability from the Viewpoint of Evaluation and Fuzzy Sets Theory Approach. In:Onisawa T. Kacprzyk J.(eds) Reliability and Safety Analyses under Fuzziness. Studies in Fuzziness vol. 4 (Physica\u2010Verlag Heidelberg 1995).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7908-1898-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2714(89)90568-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2714(94)90030-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(93)90182-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4549(98)00070-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(97)00072-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2009.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2010.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-013-0145-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jngse.2019.103039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2019.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfailanal.2019.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.3084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.117559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/safety10030068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksues.2024.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15732479.2015.1053093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2018.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107216"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2022.106323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2023.114064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2023.115954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.117345"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(93)90251-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(95)00185-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00399.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","unstructured":"M.Detyniecki \u201cMathematical Aggregation Operators and Their Application to Video Querying \u201d (Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France 2000)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ef400720h"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-91943-2.00002-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2014.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2019.103968"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jngse.2019.103039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2022.07.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/2895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jngse.2015.01.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","volume-title":"Book: Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications","author":"Ross T.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.03.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(00)00077-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","volume-title":"Fuzzy Modeling and Control: Selected Works of Sugeno","author":"Nguyen H. T.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","volume-title":"Risk Analysis in Engineering: Techniques, Tools, and Trends","author":"Modarres M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4031\/MTSJ.46.6.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","volume-title":"Pounder's Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines","author":"Woodyard D.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2017.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Crankcase Explosions in Marine Engines","volume":"18","author":"Burgoyne J.","year":"1955","journal-title":"Transactions of the Institute of Marine Engineers"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/PIME_PROC_1956_170_073_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20464177.2024.2423425"}],"container-title":["Quality and Reliability Engineering International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/qre.3814","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T08:54:03Z","timestamp":1759308843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/qre.3814"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/qre.3814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/qre.3814","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0748-8017","1099-1638"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0748-8017","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1638","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}