{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T05:21:06Z","timestamp":1780550466104,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Quality &amp; Reliability Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper studies the availability of four retrial configurations for a machine repair problem with warm standby units where the units have two failure modes. The two failure modes for each unit have the same probability of being repaired. The unit failure times and server repair times are assumed to be independent and exponentially distributed. For each retrial configuration, the state\u2010transition rate diagram and the differential\u2010difference equations are exploited to derive steady\u2010state availability. We provide a comparative analysis and determine the best retrial system based on a suitable performance selected. The four retrial configurations are ranked in terms of their steady\u2010state availability and cost\/benefit ratios, where the benefit is steady\u2010state availability. We compare the cost\/benefit ratios of the four retrial configurations given the distribution parameters and acquisition, operation, and maintenance costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T03:50:14Z","timestamp":1758685814000},"page":"337-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Cost\u2010Benefit Analysis of Four Retrial Systems With Warm Standby Components and Two Modes of Failure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Kuo\u2010Hsiung","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Business Administration Asia University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu\u2010Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Management Providence University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tseng\u2010Chang","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics National Chung\u2010Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"G.Fayolle \u201cA Simple Telephone Exchange With Delayed Feedbacks\u201d inProceedings of the International Seminar on Teletraffic Analysis and Computer Performance Evaluation(1986) 245\u2013253."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7177(99)00128-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02564721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2977-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01158899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78725-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-015-2038-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01158869"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00236-009-0110-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2010.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207160.2015.1091450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207160.2013.783695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2014.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.24.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1989.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1995.108"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"435","article-title":"Cost Analysis of the Cold\u2010Standby M\/M\/R Machine Repair Problem With Multiple Modes of Failure","volume":"38","author":"Wang K. 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