{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T21:25:18Z","timestamp":1774387518759,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Quality &amp;amp; Reliability Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent efforts have dedicated significant attention to agent\u2010based simulation models in a spectrum of fields, including modern warfare, with less attention paid to nonviolent campaigns. A type of computer experiment used to study complex scenarios, these models simulate agent actions subject to nonlinear dynamics, generating nondeterministic outcomes. An agent\u2010based simulation model developed by Chenoweth of Harvard Kennedy School to study the dynamics of nonviolent resistance was reconstructed, and sensitivity analysis was conducted with the intent of identifying conditions most beneficial to its success. However, the Chenoweth model involves 25 factors, making interpretation difficult. Each iteration of the model produces a pass\/fail\/draw outcome, effectively censoring stalemates and requiring that each case be run sufficient times to estimate the nonviolent success probability for those conditions. Indiana University's high\u2010performance supercomputer was available for computation, but an efficient test plan was needed. A series of Latin hypercube designs was constructed for this wargaming application, leveraging their space\u2010filling qualities to obtain better visibility into factor effects and interrelationships. The study plan evolved to address findings about model functionality and within\u2010case repeatability and in order to locate viable regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.70125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T10:00:54Z","timestamp":1764842454000},"page":"1023-1039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design of Experiments in Analytical Wargaming: Exploring Agent\u2010Based Simulation Models with Nonlinear Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6157-6336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mindy","family":"Hotchkiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enquery Research LLC Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Dinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences Indiana University South Bend Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4572-6599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lance","family":"Fiondella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177012413"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3799-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8847-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"An Introduction to Agent\u2010Based Modeling \u2010 Modeling Natural, Social, and Engineered Complex Systems With NetLogo","author":"Wilensky U.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00263209008700808"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","volume-title":"Peter Perla's the Art of Wargaming: A Guide for Professionals and Hobbyists","author":"Perla P.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. M.Epstein \u201cModeling Civil Violence: An Agent\u2010Based Computational Approach \u201dProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences99 no. Suppl_3 (2002):7243\u20137250 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.092080199.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092080199"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154175"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269976"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","unstructured":"J.Steakelum H.Dinh andL.Fiondella \u201cRepository of a Reimplemented Agent\u2010Based Model for Nonviolent Campaigns \u201d2025 accessed March 27 2025 https:\/\/github.com\/htdinhiu\/abm_nonviolence."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","unstructured":"J.Steakelum H.Dinh andL.Fiondella \u201cToward a Quantitative Science of Nonviolence: Sensitivity Analysis of an Agent Based Model of Nonviolent Resistance \u201d inProceedings: Annual Modeling and Simulation Conference (ANNSIM)(Madrid Spain 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549705058073"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","unstructured":"Indiana University \u201cAbout Big Red 200 at IU \u201daccessed August 25 2025 https:\/\/servicenow.iu.edu\/kb?id=kb_article_view&sysparm_article=KB0026317 Dec 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","volume-title":"Design and Analysis of Experiments","author":"Montgomery D. C.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","unstructured":"The MathWorks Inc \u201clhsdesign \u2010 latin hypercube sample \u2010 matlab \u201d1994\u20102025 accessed March 16 2025 https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/help\/stats\/lhsdesign.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","unstructured":"M.Hotchkiss H.Dinh B.Thibault andL.Fiondella \u201cDesign of experiments for the efficient sensitivity analysis of an agent\u2010based model of nonviolent resistance \u201d inProceedings: Military Operations Research Society 93rd Annual Symposium(Leesburg VA 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470594001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","volume-title":"Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments","author":"Myers R. 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