{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T05:16:11Z","timestamp":1737263771419,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,13]],"date-time":"2007-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7772,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Robotic Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The duty cycles of a human\u2010controlled servomanipulator system have been experimentally measured revealing how humans use manipulators to perform tasks. The use of the kinematic ranges, in both joint and Cartesian space is valuable to engineers in the kinematic design of servomanipulators. The working volume of human manipulation presented here is also of interest to designers of prosthetic systems. These results illuminate the relative merits of various system drive configurations. A graphical representation of mechanical power usage, which displays the total operation time as a function of torque and velocity, is presented for each manipulator joint. These data are compared with data representing idealized joint performance resulting in design criteria for quantitative improvements in joint torque and velocity capacities. A generalized method for applying this representation to any robotic system is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.4620020410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,6]],"date-time":"2007-07-06T05:04:16Z","timestamp":1183698256000},"page":"473-499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Duty\u2010cycle analysis of a human\u2010controlled manipulator"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Stoughton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H. L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"Human Factors in Remote Control Engineering","volume":"1","author":"Clarke M.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Proc. 31st Conf. on Remote Sys. Tech., ANS"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. S.Stoughton \u201cKinematics and Duty Cycles of the SM\u2010229 Force Reflecting Servomanipulator \u201d M.S. thesis University of Tennessee Knoxville June1985.","DOI":"10.2172\/6146392"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"A. K.Bejczy \u201cRobot Arm Dynamics and Control \u201dJPL Tech. Memo. 33\u2013669 February1974."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1980.4308393","article-title":"A Recursive Lagrangian Formulation of Manipulator Dynamics and a Comparative Study of Dynamics Formulation Complexity","volume":"10","author":"Hollerbach J. M.","year":"1980","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Sys., Man. Cyb."},{"volume-title":"Robot Manipulators","year":"1981","author":"Paul R. P.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.Asada \u201cDynamic Analysis and Design of Robot Manipulators Using Inertia Ellipsoids \u201dInternat. Conf. 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ASME (November1982)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Robotic Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frob.4620020410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rob.4620020410","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T06:52:16Z","timestamp":1737183136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rob.4620020410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rob.4620020410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rob.4620020410","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-2223","1097-4563"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0741-2223"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-4563"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,12]]}}}