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To automate the transplanting process, this study presents a novel system that detects and centers wash\u2010root nursery seedlings for robotic arm\u2010assisted singulation, simulating human actions. Using pretrained architectures and data sets with 200 and 1000 images, a detection model was created. Uniquely, the study emphasizes how important it is to expand the data set to enhance model performance. Without using data augmentation approaches, the model was trained to detect and center seedlings by gathering a larger data set of 1000 photos. During laboratory evaluations, the larger data set significantly enhanced the model's detection accuracy and generalization ability, enabling precise centering of seedlings for robotic singulation. Performance was evaluated at three levels of epochs and data set ratios, with the model trained on 1000 images achieving an Average Precision of 63.4%, a High Confidence Score of 89%, and a Validation Loss of 3.19. Real\u2010time evaluations using the selected model demonstrated exceptional centering capability, with a perfect visual rating of 100% for its ability to accurately center and singulate seedlings. This study offers a viable approach for automated transplanting in agriculture by highlighting the efficiency of using pretrained models, transfer learning, and cautious data set extension to improve robotic seedling handling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.70015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T06:44:25Z","timestamp":1752129865000},"page":"4368-4388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Utilizing Machine Vision for Real\u2010Time Robotic Arm\u2010Assisted Singulation of Wash\u2010Root Nursery Seedlings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jino","family":"Joy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India"}]},{"given":"Manpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering &amp; Information Technology College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India"}]},{"given":"Lokesh","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering &amp; Information Technology College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9359353"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-024-02717-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v12i2.pp1411-1418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rob.21937"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2015.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52151\/jae2001383.0980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"Cardoso A. 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