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Consequently, this leads to a degradation in the signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR) uniformity and deep fading across the time\u2010frequency grid in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, which significantly impairs the bit error rate (BER) performance. The orthogonal time\u2010frequency space (OTFS) scheme is capable of addressing 2D time\u2010frequency fading but at the cost of increasing the complexity of the receiver. In this work, an orthogonal transform\u2010assisted OFDM (OTA\u2010OFDM) scheme is proposed, which is based on orthogonal transforms to map data symbols into the time\u2010frequency grid, effectively spreading the data symbol energy throughout the time\u2010frequency domain. Simulations within a 400\u2009MHz NTN system indicate that at a BER of 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>, OTA\u2010OFDM outperforms OFDM with SNR gains of 3.73 and 1.92\u2009dB in NTN\u2010TDL\u2010B and NTN\u2010TDL\u2010D channels under QPSK modulation. It also obtains 3.24 and 1.54\u2009dB SNR gain respectively under 16\u2010QAM modulation. Furthermore, OTA\u2010OFDM achieves performance comparable to OTFS while reducing the complexity of the channel estimation and equalizer modules in the receiver by 93.33%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.70001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T06:29:27Z","timestamp":1753165767000},"page":"500-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Orthogonal Transform\u2010Assisted OFDM Modulation Scheme for Nonterrestrial Network Systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2314-2888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingze","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University  Qingdao China"},{"name":"CETC 54th Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University  Qingdao China"},{"name":"CETC 54th Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University  Qingdao China"},{"name":"CETC 54th Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qingdao University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3368804"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2973698"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2023.3288568"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.Zhang X.Huang andJ. A.Zhang \u201cComparison of OTFS Diversity Performance Over Slow and Fast Fading Channels \u201d 2019 IEEE\/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC) Changchun China (2019):828\u2013833.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCChina.2019.8855898"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2018.2890643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3063546"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.Kim E.Cha J.Kim S.\u2010I.Park andN.Hur \u201cA Robust Broadcast System Under Time\u2010Varying Channels Based on OTFS Modulation \u201d in2021 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB) Chengdu China (2021):1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/BMSB53066.2021.9547024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V. 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