{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:16:28Z","timestamp":1780362988356,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758240000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Satell Commun Network"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigates the impact of station\u2010keeping strategies on antenna pointing stability for geostationary (GEO) satellites equipped with either chemical or electric propulsion systems. Two representative satellites\u2014Sat\u2010C (chemical propulsion) and Sat\u2010E (electric propulsion)\u2014are simulated in GEO orbit to assess their orbital behaviour and the resulting pointing losses at fixed ground stations. Sat\u2010C employs a conventional 14\u2010day station\u2010keeping cycle, while Sat\u2010E follows a more frequent 6\u2009+\u20091\u2009day manoeuvre plan enabled by its low\u2010thrust electric propulsion system. Antenna pointing losses are quantified for a range of ground antenna sizes (0.5\u201316\u2009m) operating in Ku\u2010band (12\u2009GHz) and Ka\u2010band (25\u2009GHz), with performance assessed over multiple days after station keeping manoeuvre.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results show that electric propulsion yields significantly reduced pointing losses across all antenna sizes. For example, at 5\u2010m antenna diameter, maximum pointing loss for Sat\u2010C reaches up to 2.25\u2009dB in Ku\u2010band and 9.77\u2009dB in Ka\u2010band, whereas corresponding losses for Sat\u2010E are limited to 0.18\u2009and 0.79\u2009dB, respectively. The study also evaluates the threshold conditions under which mandatory auto\u2010tracking becomes necessary, using International Telecommunication Union (ITU) recommendations and guidelines provided by satellite operator ground station specifications. These findings underline the superior stability of electric propulsion platforms in terms of ground link alignment, especially in high\u2010frequency applications where beamwidths are narrow and pointing errors are critical to link margin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.70008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T07:15:27Z","timestamp":1758266127000},"page":"144-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Electric and Chemical Propulsion Effects on Fixed Antenna Pointing Stability in GEO Satellites"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4593-917X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oz","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eskisehir Technical University Earth and Space Science Institution  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5005-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumusak","family":"Nejat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakarya University Computer Engineering Department  Sakarya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40799-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"825","article-title":"Proximity Monitoring of Collocated Satellites Based on Real Time Measurement","volume":"39","author":"Oz I.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union \u201cRecommendation (2004). ITU\u2010RS.484\u20133. Station\u2010Keeping in Longitude of Geostationary Satellites in the Fixed\u2010Satellite Service 2004 \u201d (2004)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sat.1559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2019.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"AIAA 2014\u20101903, SpaceOps 2014 Conference","author":"Jimenez F.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"1434","article-title":"Performance Assessment of GSO Satellite Before and After Enhancing Pointing Effect","volume":"12","author":"Emam A. 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