{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T06:41:06Z","timestamp":1698043266892},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6959,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aristotle's syllogism is known in Japan as the \u201cthree\u2010stage inference.\u201d However, it is not correctly understood in general, nor is it in the mainstream of the theory of logic now due to the widespread use of predicate logic. Syllogism is a logic system obtained by the direct analysis and description of the logical structure of linguistic knowledge and notion. Consequently, it includes several aspects suited to the knowledge information processing. The authors have proposed \u201ctuple logic\u201d as the logical framework for representing general knowledge described by a natural language, etc., and explored the possibility for the semantic representation and inference, which are different from those of predicate logic. This paper aims at the realization of a natural and efficient knowledge information processing by combining syllogism into tuple logic as the additional inference mechanism. The technique for efficient realization is investigated. In particular, an efficient validity\u2010testing procedure for syllogistic expressions is given by improving Lukasiewicz' decision method. The procedure is an application of a graph algorithm. When the set of premises is consistent, the inference can be performed in linear time, which is a useful property in the actual knowledge processing. As an example, a question\u2010answering system is demonstrated which can perform an inference for a certain range of Japanese sentences including negative ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690190303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,7]],"date-time":"2007-07-07T15:16:57Z","timestamp":1183821417000},"page":"20-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An efficient reasoning method for syllogism and its application to knowledge processing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Morita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noritaka","family":"Nishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Emura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms","author":"Aho A. V.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"Organon Graece","author":"Aristoteles","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_3","volume-title":"English translation: Prior and Posterior Analytics","author":"Warrington J.","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Ancient Formal Logic","author":"Bochenski J. M.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Grundz\u00fcge der theoretischen Logik","author":"Hilbert D.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"J.Lukasiewicz.Aristotle's Syllogistic Oxford London (1951)."},{"issue":"43","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","article-title":"Tuple Logic","volume":"84","author":"Morita K.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tech. Rep. I.E.C.E., Japan"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","article-title":"Representation of Japanese sentences and syllogistic reasoning in the framework of tuple logicm","volume":"54","author":"Morita K.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tech. Rep. Nat. Language Proc., Inf. Proc. Soc. Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Formal Philosophy","author":"Montague R.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","unstructured":"S.NakayamaandK.Morita. A logic system \u201ctuple logic\u201d without predicate and its application to knowledge representation Proc. Symp. Knowledge Information Processing Inf. Proc. Soc. Japan(1985)."}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690190303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690190303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T11:54:41Z","timestamp":1697975681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690190303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,3]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690190303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690190303","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,3]]}}}