{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T15:10:34Z","timestamp":1697987434716},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]],"date-time":"2007-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7187,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper proposes a method for the top\u2010down utilization of the linguistic constraints in the speed understanding system. In the proposed method, the syntactic constraint is represented by the context\u2010free grammar, and the semantic constraint is represented by the semantic marker and the case frame. The two kinds of constraints are integrated by using the definite clause grammar, which is an extension of the context\u2010free grammar. Based on the resulting representation, the word predictor program described by Prolog is generated by a mechanical transformation procedure. The left\u2010to\u2010right parsing scheme is assumed as the control. As the parser, a combination of top\u2010down and bottom\u2010up methods is adopted to parse utterances. This eliminates the problem in which the procedure falls in an infinite loop if a recursive rule exists, which has been serious in the traditional word predictor. The method was applied to a task, and its validity was verified. The average branching factor of the task was estimated by a simulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690191004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,19]],"date-time":"2009-11-19T20:43:31Z","timestamp":1258663411000},"page":"32-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Top\u2010Down Use of Linguistic Constraints in a Speech Understanding System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Niimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Uzuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Speech understanding system \u2026 Final report of a study group","author":"Newell A.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"Voice Recognition","author":"Niimi Yasuhisa","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/362007.362035"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/355598.362773"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"W.A.Woodset al Speech understanding systems \u2026 final technical progress report 30 October 1974 to 29 October 1976 BBN Tech. Rep. 3438 Vol. IV (1976)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Motivation and overview of SPEECH\u2010LIS \u2026 An experimental prototype for speech understanding research","volume":"23","author":"Woods W.A.","year":"1975","journal-title":"I.E.E.E. Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"629","article-title":"Semantic constraints in speech understanding system for Japanese sentence","volume":"66","author":"Sekiguchi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans. (D), I.E.C.E., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90003-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","unstructured":"MtsumotoandTanaka Bottom\u2010up parser (BUP) built into Prolog Tech. Rep. Nat. Lang. Inf. Proc. Soc. Jap. 34\u20136 (Dec.1982)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"Y.Kobayashi S.UzuharaandY.Niimi Improvement of word predictor by bottom\u2010up parsing Nat. Conv. Systems I.E.C.E. Japan S5\u20138 (1985)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"Y.Niimi Y.Kobayashi K.HatanoandS.Uzuhara A method for word prediction in speech understanding system based upon bottom\u2010up parsing Tech. Rep. Speech Acoust. Soc. Jap. S84\u201384 (Jan.1985)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"S.Uzuhara Y.KobayashiandY.Niimi A method for word prediction in speech understanding system based on island\u2010driven parsing Tech. Rep. Knowledge Eng. & Art. Intel. Inf. Proc. Soc. Jap. 48\u201310 (Sept.1986)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.J.Hayeset al Parsing spoken language: a semantic caseframe approach Proc. of COLING pp.587\u2013592(Aug.1986).","DOI":"10.3115\/991365.991537"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.T.Niedermair Divided and valencyoriented parsing in speech understanding Proc. of COLING pp.593\u2013595(Aug.1986).","DOI":"10.3115\/991365.991538"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","unstructured":"Hori Uehara Mizoguchi KakushoandToyota Development of linguistic processor in speech understanding system\u2014Implementation based on object oriented concept Tech. Rep. Knoweldge Eng. & Art. Intel. Inf. Proc. Soc. Jap. 44\u20131 (Jan.1986)."}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690191004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690191004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690191004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T18:09:27Z","timestamp":1697911767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690191004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690191004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690191004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,1]]}}}