{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T20:42:00Z","timestamp":1757450520192},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]],"date-time":"2007-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6821,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp;amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper describes an automatic diagram input system which reads the handwritten piping and instrument diagram and recognizes the symbol, character, and line drawn on the diagram. The object is a handwritten diagram which is easily understandable by the knowledge of the designer under a very mild constraint. The symbols which are the object of recognition are of more than 200 kinds of various sizes. In addition, a large symbol with unspecified shape may be drawn, and there can be various kinds of lines. To cope with such complex diagrams containing a large amount of handwriting distortions, various diagram processing techniques are proposed. Examples are vector representation with a high accuracy, shaping of various distortions, and the two\u2010stage segmentation, where line, symbol and character are separated hierarchically from the vectorized figure. Other examples are the symbol recognition combining a decision tree and pattern matching, and recognition dictionary based on automatic generation of distorted patterns. The developed diagram input system is a flexible system, in which new symbols can be additionally registered, and complex handwritten diagrams can be recognized. A test was made for the system using the actually written design diagrams. The result indicated a practically satisfactory performance, where the processing time is 3 to 8 min for an A3 sized diagram by a large\u2010scale computer and the recognition rate is above 95 percent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690200304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,19]],"date-time":"2009-11-19T22:37:58Z","timestamp":1258670278000},"page":"32-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An Automatic Recognition System for Piping and Instrument Diagrams"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mitsuo","family":"Ishii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masanari","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Ishii Y.Ito M.Iwasaki M.Yamamoto andS.Kodama Automatic input and interactive editing system for logic circuit diagram. Tech. Rep. I.E.C.E. Japan EC80\u201316 (June1980).","DOI":"10.1109\/DAC.1981.1585421"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"837","article-title":"Automatic input processing of logic circuit diagram","volume":"68","author":"Nagata S.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trans. (D). I.E.C.E., Japan"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"384","article-title":"Development of logic circuit diagram reader with high\u2010speed image processing hardware","volume":"28","author":"Kondo T.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. Inf. Proc. Soc., Japan"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"300","article-title":"Automatic input\/processing system for handwritten diagram","volume":"22","author":"Yoshida M.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Inf. Proc."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"Y.Ito M.Yamamoto H.Harada M.IshiiandT.Kakuta Automatic input system for color pattern diagram of printed board. Symp. Graphics and CAD Inf. Proc. Soc. Japan pp.151\u2013160(1984)."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"829","article-title":"Automatic recognition of multicolored diagram by real\u2010time color code technique","volume":"68","author":"Kakumoto S.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trans. (D), I.E.C.E., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"M.Furuta N.Kase S.EmoriandT.Sakaki Extraction of characters and symbols in chemical plant diagram. 27th Nat. Conv. Inf. Proc. Soc. Japan 4Q\u20136 pp.953\u2013954(1983)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"N.Takagi X.Lin M.MinoandT.Sakai Symbol extraction and recognition in handwritten chemical plant diagram. 15th Image Eng. Conf. 10\u20133 pp.199\u2013202(1984)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","unstructured":"S.Shimotsuji E.KawamotoandS.Tsunekawa Application of diagram reader TOSGRAPH to plant diagram reading. Nat. Conv. Gen. I.E.C.E. Japan S17\u20136 (1987)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"A.Maedaet al Development of automatic diagram input system (1) \u2010 (3). 27th Nat. Conv. Inf. Proc. Soc. Japan 4Q\u201011 \u2010 13 pp.963\u2013968(1983)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"S.Hineet al Automatic recognition system for machine diagram. 33rd Nat. Conv. Inf. Proc. Soc. Japan 4N\u20106 \u2010 10 pp.1489\u20131498(1986)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/361573.361583"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"549","article-title":"Character recognition on diagram by training dictionary","volume":"69","author":"Ishii M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. (D), I.E.C.E., Japan"}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690200304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690200304","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T14:28:25Z","timestamp":1697984905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690200304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690200304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690200304","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}}}