{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T14:13:31Z","timestamp":1697984011785},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6653,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp;amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper we formed deformation vector fields between the input patterns and the template patterns. Through the components of a low\u2010order local affine transformation for the deformation fields, we deform the template pattern <jats:italic>a priori<\/jats:italic> and perform a pattern adjustment. We report a method for on\u2010line handwritten character recognition utilizing a local affine transformation. This method consists of three steps based on the representation of features of the input patterns and those of the template pattern. They are: (1) Through a dynamic programming method, we generate the deformation vector field by extracting the deformation vector from each feature point of the template pattern to the corresponding point of the input pattern. (2) We superpose a Gaussian type function onto the deformation vector field. By iterative applications of the local affine transformation, we expand asymptotically each deformation vector. (3) We perform a superposition of the local affine transformation of low\u2010order for each feature point and adjust the superposed template pattern with the input pattern. We considered 1,945 different Chinese characters of ordinary use for recognition objectives. For the template pattern, we used character samples consisting of average character patterns by standard handwritten characters. We used 300 deformed characters for 20 sample sets. These 6,000 characters were treated as unknown data for recognition experiments. As a result, we achieved the recognition percentage of 95.6 percent. It was higher than the recognition percentage of 91.9 percent for a case in which the template patterns were not deformed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690200702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,7]],"date-time":"2007-07-07T18:08:56Z","timestamp":1183831736000},"page":"10-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["On\u2010line handwritten character recognition using local affine transformation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Toru","family":"Wakahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"679","article-title":"Stroke Order Free On\u2010Line Handwritten Character Recognition Algorithm","volume":"65","author":"Odaka K.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"593","article-title":"Stroke Number and Order\u2010Free On\u2010Line Character Recognition by Selective Stroke Linkage Method","volume":"66","author":"Wakahara T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"1285","article-title":"On\u2010Line Cursive Script Classification Using Stroke Linkage Rules","volume":"67","author":"Wakahara T.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"On\u2010Line Recognition of Handwritten Characters by Approximating Each Stroke with Several Points","volume":"63","author":"Odaka K.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"940","article-title":"Stroke Order Free On\u2010Line Handwritten Kanji Character Recognition Method by Means of Stroke Representative Points","volume":"69","author":"Ishii Y.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","article-title":"On\u2010Line Character Recognition by Stack DP Matching Method","volume":"83","author":"Yoshida K.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"2116","article-title":"On\u2010Line Recognition of Cursive Writings","volume":"68","author":"Sato Y.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"970","volume":"64","author":"Yamada H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"An Improvement of Correlation Method\u2014Locally Maximized Correlation"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"645","article-title":"Absorption of Local Variations in Handwritten Character by an Elastic Transformation Using Vector Field","volume":"66","author":"Hattori T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"J.TsukumoandK.Asai.Nonlinear Matching Method for Handprinted Character Recognition. Proc. 7th ICPR pp.770\u2013773(Aug.1984)."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"361","article-title":"Handprinted Chinese Characters Recognition by Hierarchical Modification of Dictionary","volume":"68","author":"Izui Y.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"1167","article-title":"Recognition of Handprinted KANJI Characters by Relaxation Matching","volume":"65","author":"Yamamoto K.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trans. Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"167","volume-title":"Probability and Statistics Phenomenon","author":"Taki Y.","year":"1978"}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690200702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690200702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T16:53:11Z","timestamp":1697907191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690200702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690200702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690200702","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}}}