{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T06:41:06Z","timestamp":1698043266812},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6653,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp;amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An island\u2010driven control strategy in a speech understanding system (SUS) would be effective when reliable phonetic recognition cannot be obtained due to poor performance of the acoustic processor or noisy conditions. Especially, in conversational speech, the signal suffers from a heavy smoothing effect. An island\u2010driven SUS begins with detecting the acoustically most probable islands of keywords, and then expands them by a \u201chypothesis and test\u201d paradigm until it covers the whole utterance using various sources of knowledge. However, this control strategy demands a very complicated linguistic processing rather than a left\u2010to\u2010right control. The authors developed an algorithm for transforming a set of syntactic rules written in the definite clause grammar into an efficient word predicting program in Prolog which operates under an island\u2010driven control. The basic ideas and the algorithm are explained here with a few examples of word prediction activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690201008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,7]],"date-time":"2007-07-07T16:50:37Z","timestamp":1183827037000},"page":"85-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Linguistic processing in an island\u2010driven speech understanding system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yashuhisa","family":"Niimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Uzuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"W. A.Woodset al. Speech understanding systems\u2014Final technical progress report 30 October 1974 to 29 October 1976. BBN Tech. Rep. 3438 3 to 4 (1976)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1975.1162648","article-title":"Organization of the Hearsay II speech understanding system","volume":"23","author":"Lesser V. R.","year":"1975","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech & Signal Process."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"B. T.Lowerre.The HARPY Speech Recognition System. Ph.D. Dissertation Carnegie\u2010Mellon University (1976)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(80)90003-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037421"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"1772","article-title":"Top\u2010Down Use of Linguistic Constraints in a Speech Understanding System","volume":"70","author":"Niimi Y.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. I.E.I.C.E., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"V. R.Pratt.LINGOL\u2014A Progress Report. 4th IJCAI pp.422\u2013428(1975)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","volume-title":"The Theory of Parsing, Translation, and Compiling, 1, Parsing","author":"Aho A. V.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","article-title":"A Method for Word Prediction in a Speech Understanding System Based on Island Parsing","volume":"48","author":"Uzuhara S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Knowledge Eng. and Art. Intel., Infor. Processing Soc. of Japan"}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690201008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690201008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T13:40:46Z","timestamp":1697982046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690201008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690201008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690201008","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}}}