{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T08:10:52Z","timestamp":1698048652587},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]],"date-time":"2007-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6456,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In speech synthesis by rule, various acoustic parameters are determined by rules from the phonetic transcription and then the speech is synthesized. In the past, the synthesis rules have been constructed by an expert on speech synthesis, iterating trials and errors. To construct sophisticated rules efficiently, as well as to improve and maintain those rules, it will be useful to use a computer to support the expert's effort. For this purpose, several functions are required.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Among those, this paper discusses especially the method which automatically extracts the synthesis rules from a large number of speech data by inductive inference. In the method, the acoustic parameters, which are determined by the already prepared synthesis rules, are compared with those of the actual speech uttered by a human subject and the difference is described in the form of a \u201ccomparison example.\u201d Then inductive inference is performed. In the comparison example, the phonetic environment for the speech data also is described.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The concept hierarchy for the attributes concerning the environment is prespecified as the \u201cexpert knowledge of phonology,\u201d and is utilized in the inductive inference. Especially for consonants, more than one hierarchical structure is considered, among which the most favorable is employed. The synthesis rules actually were extracted for the CV syllable duration in the word, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690210402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,19]],"date-time":"2009-11-19T23:20:19Z","timestamp":1258672819000},"page":"15-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Support System for Constructing Rule Base for Speech Synthesis by Rule. Automatic Extraction of Synthesis Rules"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Riichiro","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Kakusho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ken'Ichi","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masuzo","family":"Yanagida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"901","article-title":"Present status and problems in text and speech conversion techniques","volume":"41","author":"Sagisaka","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc., Japan"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"930","article-title":"Problems and trends in study of speech synthesis","volume":"42","author":"Ishii N.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","article-title":"A supporting environment for continuous speech recognition system\u2014implementation of rule database and rule translator","volume":"44","author":"Tsujino","year":"1986","journal-title":"Tech. Rep. Knowledge Eng. Art. Intell., Inf. Proc. Soc., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","article-title":"Design of rule extraction support system in synthesis by rule","volume":"3","author":"Yamashita","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc. Acoust. Soc., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"Yamashita Mizoguchi Yanagida Taniguchi andKakusho Construction and operation of rule extraction support system for synthesis by rule. Proc. Acoust. Soc. Japan 3\u20106\u20104 (March1987)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Machine Learning\u2014An Artificial Intelligence Approach","author":"Michalski R. S.","year":"1984"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"629","article-title":"Phoneme duration control for speech synthesis by rule","volume":"67","author":"Sagisaka","year":"1984","journal-title":"Trans. (A), I.E.C.E., Japan"}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690210402","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690210402","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T07:08:34Z","timestamp":1697958514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690210402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690210402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690210402","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]}}}