{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T06:10:29Z","timestamp":1698127829998},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5923,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To efficiently produce a more realistic image, the paraxial theory is introduced into computer graphics. The paraxial theory is a linear approximation theory established in other fields such as lens designing. The paraxial theory is formulated by a 4 \u00d7 4 matrix called \u201csystem matrix,\u201d and this provides theoretical bases for various rendering methods such as pencil tracing, beam tracing, and cone tracing.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This paper outlines the paraxial theory, analyzes errors from the viewpoint of its application to an image generation, and proposes a compact error\u2010estimation function. The efficiency of the function is demonstrated experimentally. Basic data to develop an image\u2010generation technology based on the paraxial theory are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690220206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,7]],"date-time":"2007-07-07T20:30:16Z","timestamp":1183840216000},"page":"42-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Theories and error analysis of pencil tracing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mikio","family":"Shinya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tokiichiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/358876.358882"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/964965.808588"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/964965.808589"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/37402.37408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1972.8850"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"190","volume-title":"Principles of Optics","author":"Born M.","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"MikioShinyaandTokiichiroTakahashi.A shadowing technique for transparent objects. National Conference of I.E.C.E. Japan D\u2013521 (1988)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"MikioShinya Takatumi andTokiichiroTakahashi.Pencil Tracing Dispersive Objects. The 37th National Conference of Information Processing Japan 3T\u20136 pp.1691\u20131692(1988)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/15886.15918"}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690220206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690220206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T07:15:30Z","timestamp":1698045330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690220206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690220206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690220206","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}}}