{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T04:35:43Z","timestamp":1767414943967,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5923,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp;amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper proposes a method of selecting an appropriate adaptive threshold in binarization (0 or 1) of a gray\u2010level image. A measure representing compactness of a connected component in an image, \u201cthe mean adjacent\u2010pixel number,\u201d is introduced. The best threshold is determined by taking the maximal of this measure. The method is applied successfully to actual gray\u2010level images. The results show that appropriate thresholds can be obtained even for difficult images (e.g., a small object in a noisy and low\u2010contrast image) which are less successful in conventional adaptive methods (e.g., the gray\u2010level histogram method). Conventional methods using an adaptive threshold generally have a shortcoming in that the amount of computation is proportional to the number of thresholds. This paper also proposes a method to calculate the mean adjacent\u2010pixel number at a high speed by combining the rank filters and histograms so that the amount of computation becomes independent of the number of thresholds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690220307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,7]],"date-time":"2007-07-07T20:30:08Z","timestamp":1183840208000},"page":"66-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A method for threshold selection in binary images using mean adjacent\u2010pixel number"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Koichi","family":"Sasakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shin\u2010ichi","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Ikebata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"J. M.Soha.Scene dependent filtering for variable contrast enhancement. Proc. Third Milwaukee Symposium on Automatic Computations and Control (1975)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"TadaakiMishima MorioKanazaki MasaoTakafuji YasatoSuzuki YoshikiKoba\u2010yashi HideoOhta andToshiroShibata.Examination of vehicle\u2010number recognition system using image processing. Papers of Technical Group on Pattern Recognition and Understanding I.E.C.E. Japan PRU86\u201094 (1986)."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"1037","article-title":"A study of recognizing characters in scene images","volume":"71","author":"Ohta Jun","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trans. I.E.C.E., Japan"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"707","article-title":"Personal verification system with high tolerance of poor quality fingerprints","volume":"72","author":"Sasakawa Koichi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trans. I.E.C.E., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"233","article-title":"A survey of thresholding techniques","volume":"41","author":"Sahoo P. K.","year":"1988","journal-title":"CGIP"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"349","article-title":"Automatic selection method of threshold based on discrimination and minimum square criterion","volume":"63","author":"Ohtsu Hiroyuki","year":"1980","journal-title":"Trans. I.E.C.E., Japan"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Region extraction using convergent evidence","volume":"11","author":"Milgram D. L.","year":"1979","journal-title":"CGIP"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. J.Lin.Segmentation of military vehicles for FLIR target detection. Conf. Proc. IEEE Southeastcon. pp.111\u2013114(1981).","DOI":"10.1109\/SECON.1981.673409"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"164","article-title":"On the relation of binary image complexity to gray\u2010scale image thresholding","volume":"70","author":"Taniguchi Rin\u2010ichiro","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. I.E.C.E., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"KoichiSasakawa. Shin\u2010ichi Kuroda and Shigeki Ikebata. A threshold selection method on the mean of adjacent number in binary image. Papers of Technical Group on Pattern Recognition and Understanding I.E.C.E. Japan PRU89\u201025 (1989)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"TakashiToriuandHiromichiIwase.Method of high\u2010speed Calculation of boundary\u2010length histogram using minimum\u2010value filter. National Conference of I.E.C.E. Japan D\u2010219 [no date given]."}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690220307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690220307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T17:25:26Z","timestamp":1737221126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690220307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690220307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690220307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0882-1666"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1520-684X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}}}