{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T05:22:52Z","timestamp":1698124972351},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5923,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A three\u2010dimensional (3\u2010D) display of medical images allows better perception of the continuity of structures and spatial relationships than a display of individual slices. These 3\u2010D display methods consist of a contour extraction, a shape reconstruction and a shading. However, the boundary judgment of soft tissues, like a tumor, is difficult even for expert doctors. Especially, 3\u2010D display depends largely on a result of the contour extraction. The 3\u2010D display method is required to display the presentation of the continuity of organ shapes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This paper presents the development of a display method to preserve the continuity of organ shapes. The display method consists of the extraction of fuzzy shapes and their shading. The extraction of fuzzy shapes is executed by operation of the fuzzy c\u2010means clustering algorithm on medical images and the use of a connectivity of an organ shape. The shading of fuzzy shapes uses a volume rendering, which is analyzed numerically and improved to realize a powerfully interactive 3\u2010D display. The effectiveness of the proposed 3\u2010D display method is shown using head MRI images.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690221108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,7]],"date-time":"2007-07-07T20:03:41Z","timestamp":1183838621000},"page":"72-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A 3\u2010D display method of fuzzy shapes obtained from medical images"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Noboru","family":"Niki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Kawata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Satoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1983.12599"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"293","article-title":"Recent 3\u2010D display methods of medical images","volume":"24","author":"Toriwaki J.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Japanese J. of Med. Electron. and Biol. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-664X(79)90079-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Application of 3\u2010D display of brain CT images to operation planning","volume":"24","author":"Yasuda T.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Japanese J. of Med. Electron. and Biol. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"1518","article-title":"High\u2010precision surface formation and the 3\u2010D shaded display of the brain obtained from CT images","volume":"69","author":"Niki N.","year":"1986","journal-title":"I.E.C.E. Trans., Japan"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"2525","article-title":"High\u2010precision 3\u2010D shaded display of the brain constructed from CT and angiographical images","volume":"70","author":"Niki N.","year":"1987","journal-title":"I.E.I.C.E. Trans., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/37402.37422"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"3\u2010D display of fuzzy shapes obtained from medical images","volume":"89","author":"Kawata Y.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Technical Report I.E.I.C.E., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.35199"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"589","article-title":"Low\u2010level segmentation of aerial images with fuzzy clustering","volume":"16","author":"Trivedi M. M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"248","article-title":"Efficient implementation of the fuzzy c\u2010means clustering algorithm","volume":"8","author":"Cannon R. L.","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"80","article-title":"Connectivity and Euler number of figures in the digitized three\u2010dimensional space","volume":"65","author":"Yonekura T.","year":"1982","journal-title":"I.E.C.E. Trans., Japan"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"29","article-title":"Volume rendering: Display of surfaces from volume data","volume":"8","author":"Levoy M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE CG&A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/378456.378484"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/63334.63335"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","volume-title":"Digital picture processing, 5","author":"Rosenfield A.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/30\/8\/004"}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690221108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690221108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T05:09:39Z","timestamp":1698037779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690221108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690221108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690221108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}}}