{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T10:13:21Z","timestamp":1698142401463},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5558,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp;amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The segmentation of continuous speech into phonemes, i.e., labeling, is one of the most important procedures in constructing the speech database. At the present stage, the labeling is executed by the inspection of the time\u2010series of acoustic parameters by the human expert. Because of this procedure, a large amount of time and effort are required in the construction of the speech database.<\/jats:p><jats:p>From such a viewpoint, the authors have developed an automatic speech labeling system aiming at the automatic labeling. In the proposed system, a correspondence is established between the phoneme symbol sequence and the characteristic changes in the time\u2010course of the acoustic parameters, and the rough position of the phonemes are determined. Then the boundaries between the phonemes are adjusted by the detailed observation of the change of acoustic parameters near the phoneme boundaries. Finally, the change of the acoustic parameters in each phoneme interval is examined to verify the match of the label. The system is evaluated by experiment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Eight sentences uttered by seven adult males, who participated in the development of rules, are used for evaluation; 6.7 percent of the phoneme boundaries are rejected. For the remaining phoneme boundaries, 99.1 percent of the boundaries are set within 30 ms of the position decided previously by the human expert. For 10 sentences uttered by four adult males, who did not participate in the rule development, the foregoing scores turned out to be 8.9 and 95.5 percent, respectively. Those results indicate the usefulness of the proposed system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690230604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,7]],"date-time":"2007-07-07T23:45:49Z","timestamp":1183851949000},"page":"35-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A speech labeling system based on knowledge processing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Arai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhito","family":"Oniyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadahiro","family":"Kitahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riichiro","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","article-title":"A speech database with an intelligent access mechanism\u2014SPEECH\u2010DB","volume":"24","author":"Mizoguchi R.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Trans. Inf. Proc. Soc. Jap."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","article-title":"Construction of an acoustically phonetically transcribed Japanese speech database","volume":"87","author":"Takeda K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Tech. Rep. I.E.I.C.E., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","article-title":"A speech labeling system based on knowledge processing","volume":"89","author":"Arai K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Tech. Rep. I.E.I.C.E., Japan"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"1189","article-title":"A continuous speech recognition expert system\u2014SPREX. Trans. (D)","volume":"70","author":"Mizoguchi R.","year":"1987","journal-title":"I.E.I.C.E., Japan"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"531","article-title":"A continuous speech recognition system with a powerful environment for knowledge\u2010base construction: SPREX II. Trans. (D)","volume":"71","author":"Tsujino K.","year":"1988","journal-title":"I.E.I.C.E., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","volume-title":"Speech Database User's Manual","author":"Takeda K."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","volume-title":"CV Syllable Segmentation Performance in Speaker\u2010Independent Case","author":"Sugamura N.","year":"1989"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phoneme segmentation expert system using spectrogram reading knowledge. Trans. (D\u2010II)","volume":"73","author":"Hatazaki K.","year":"1990","journal-title":"I.E.I.C.E., Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","volume-title":"An investigation on phoneme labeling using formant frequencies","author":"Shirokaze T.","year":"1989"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Segmentation of continuous speech into phonemic units. Trans. (D\u2010II)","volume":"72","author":"Imai S.","year":"1989","journal-title":"I.E.I.C.E., Japan"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Segmentation of continuous speech by HMM and Bayes probability. Trans. (D\u2010II)","volume":"72","author":"Nakagawa S.","year":"1989","journal-title":"I.E.I.C.E., Japan"}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690230604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690230604","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T12:59:39Z","timestamp":1698065979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690230604"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690230604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690230604","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}}}