{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T05:24:17Z","timestamp":1698125057257},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5558,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper describes a high\u2010speed image\u2010generation method which arbitrarily cuts out a three\u2010dimensional (3\u2010D) digital object (3\u2010D image) in a 3\u2010D frame memory and three\u2010dimensionally displays its internal shape realistically. The idea of ray\u2010tracing is applied to a 3\u2010D memory space so that a high\u2010speed ray\u2010tracing is carried out in it by using a 3\u2010D digital differential analyzer (DDA) called the reversible step type. To obtain cross points of a ray (straight line) and an object in a 3\u2010D frame memory, an algorithm indicating address orders of all the voxels through which the ray passes is shown. A viewpoint of obtaining a realistic 3\u2010D representation with a smooth surface from an irregular digital surface, calculation method of normal vector is important. A new factor, \u201cexistential density,\u201d which can be obtained by a simple calculation around the surface of the digital object, is introduced; and a method to obtain a normal vector from this factor using the distribution of density gradient also is described. Since this calculation requires 3 \u00d7 3 \u00d7 3 operators, addition\/ subtraction of integers and shift operations, the operation is high speed and suitable for hardware. The proposed algorithm is confirmed by a computer simulation which produces 3\u2010D images with smooth shading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690231104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,7]],"date-time":"2007-07-07T21:52:56Z","timestamp":1183845176000},"page":"41-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A speedy voxel\u2010tracing method for cutting solid display of 3\u2010D images"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Norio","family":"Tayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norishige","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Otawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-46-552-1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1983.12594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-664X(79)90079-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Automatic segmentation based on knowledge of head MRL image and its 3\u2010D display","volume":"25","author":"Suzuki H.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Electronics, Japan"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"2134","article-title":"Plastic\u2010surgery supporting system using CT image","volume":"70","author":"Yasuda T.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. 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