{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T06:10:30Z","timestamp":1698127830121},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5558,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper introduces an advanced explanation capability for the intelligent tutoring system (ITS) to assist students in understanding objects such as electric circuits designed by humans. In general, an object can be explained in various ways. To advance the explanation capability, it is necessary to clarify how these explanations are used properly according to some tutoring goals in the domain. Moreover, the design of ITS based on such a capability requires: (1) classification of explanations based on the tutoring goals, and (2) development of a facility to generate the classified explanations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>First, this paper defines object understanding by using two concepts, i.e., viewpoint and object model, and classifies explanations by regarding the defined object understanding as a tutoring goal.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Next, the explanation facility, Explanation Structure model (EXSEL) is proposed. EXSEL has a mechanism to generate an explanation structure that is regarded as a resource of explanation and is designed in due consideration of being applied to ITS.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The definition of object understanding, the classification of explanations and EXSEL are applicable to the objects explainable at three abstraction levels: structure, behavior, and function. Providing the mechanisms to operate EXSEL according to tutoring requisites such as the student's understanding, it is possible to realize various ITSs to support greatly object understanding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690231209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,7]],"date-time":"2007-07-07T22:45:19Z","timestamp":1183848319000},"page":"93-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advanced explanation capabilities for intelligent tutoring systems: The explanation structure model (EXSEL)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Kashihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsukasa","family":"Hirashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun'ichi","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems","author":"Wenger E.","year":"1987"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"54","article-title":"Formation of learner model by perturbation method and teaching knowledge","volume":"28","author":"Takeuchi S.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. Information Processing Society of Japan"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"2658","article-title":"Representation of teaching\u2010world knowledge and the method of the inference for intelligent CAI","volume":"70","author":"Okamoto T.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans. I.E.I.C.E."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"T.Hirashima T.Kohno A.Kashihara R.MizoguchiandJ.Toyoda.An ITS based on analysis of tutoring task\u2014Problem understanding tutor. Proc. of the 4th Annual Conference of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence pp.711\u2013714(1990)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90095-H"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"STEAMER: An interactive, inspectable, simulation\u2010based training system","volume":"5","author":"Hollan J. D.","year":"1984","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Paradigm and environment of intelligent CAI","volume":"29","author":"Ohtsuki S.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Information Processing Society of Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"A.Kashihara T.Hirashima Y.NakamuraandJ.Toyoda.A Model and Tutoring Strategies for Object Understanding. Proc. of New Methods for CAI Symposium of Information Processing Society of Japan pp.83\u201392(1989)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"An object understanding model for ITS\u2010oriented explanation","volume":"90","author":"Kashihara A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Technical Report of I.E.I.C.E."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(84)90040-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","volume-title":"Information Processing and Human\u2010Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering","author":"Rasmussen J.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","volume-title":"What is Understanding?","author":"Saeki Y.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","volume-title":"Qualitative Reasoning","author":"Mizoguchi F.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"A.Kashihara T.Nishikawa T.HirashimaandJ.Toyoda.Tutoring strategies and student model in ITS for object understanding support based on EXSEL. Technical Report of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence SIG\u2010HICG\u20109002\u20104 pp.23\u201330(1990)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Providing question\u2010answering capability in ITS for object understanding support","volume":"90","author":"Kashihara A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Technical Report of I.E.I.C.E."}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690231209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690231209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T11:59:58Z","timestamp":1698062398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690231209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690231209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690231209","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}}}