{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T05:40:33Z","timestamp":1698385233610},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]],"date-time":"2007-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4097,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems &amp;amp; Computers in Japan"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estimating the gradient of a plane from a single still image is an important procedure in the 3\u2010dimensional reconstruction of an object. This paper proposes a method of detection of a gradient from the distortion of textures on an object and the rate of its change. It is assumed that the 3\u2010D object consists of a single plane having uniform textures. The gradient of the plane is estimated from 2\u2010D frequency data considering that the image signal obtained by a projection has a variation of its local frequency characteristic. A peak frequency is extracted as a local frequency by estimating a non\u2010stationary spectrum, and the gradient is obtained from the rates of variations of its direction and magnitude. In this way, the gradient can be obtained quantitatively, even if the data of spectrum of a texture (without any gradient) are not known.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Two methods of estimating a nonstationary spectrum are proposed i.e., the short\u2010time Fourier transformation method (STFT), and a method using AR model, and they are compared. The proposed method is applied to an image having periodic patterns, and to a statistical image. The results show the usefulness of the method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690270408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,8]],"date-time":"2007-07-08T10:51:37Z","timestamp":1183891897000},"page":"83-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estimation of texture gradient using nonstationary spectral analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shinya","family":"Urisaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nozomu","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"76","article-title":"Review of image processing algorithms, (4) Analysis of textures","volume":"44","author":"Tomita F.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Collected Papers of NTT, Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1553-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Machine Vision","author":"Ejiri M.","year":"1991"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"1421","article-title":"Reconstruction of 3D image from monocular 2D Image","volume":"24","author":"Ikeuchi K.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Information Processing, Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"The Perception of the Visual World","author":"Gibson J. J.","year":"1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"J. R.Kender.Shape from texture: An aggregation transform that maps a class of textures into surface orientation.Proc.6thIJCAI pp.475\u2013480(1979)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00363944"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"1993","article-title":"Extraction of gradient of an object plane using difference statistical data of texture","volume":"73","author":"Matsushima H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans. I.E.C.E., Japan"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"1475","article-title":"Detection of texture gradient based on estimation of nonstationary spectrum","volume":"74","author":"Tanase R.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans. I.E.C.E. Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"S.UrisakaandN.Hamada.Estimation of texture gradient using shift\u2010variable AR model.Papers of Spring Conference of I.E.C.E. Japan A\u2010163 (1992)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"80","volume-title":"Image and Space","author":"Deguchi K.","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Analysis of nonstationary spectrum","volume":"32","author":"Tamura Y.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Collected Papers of Tokei Suri Kenkyujo"}],"container-title":["Systems and Computers in Japan"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fscj.4690270408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/scj.4690270408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T22:05:16Z","timestamp":1698357916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/scj.4690270408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/scj.4690270408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/scj.4690270408","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0882-1666","1520-684X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0882-1666","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-684X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}}}