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In the proposed method, a set of hypothesis is generated with respect to the combination of the speech and the noise that can produce the observed data by a series of subtraction processes. Using HMMs prepared separately for the speech and the noise, the probabilities of occurrence are calculated.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The 100\u2010word recognition in the noisy environment in an ordinary car running in an urban area, is defined as the task in the experiment. Comparative experiments, are made for the proposed method, the ordinary spectral subtraction method and other parallel HMM methods. Then, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/scj.4690271405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,8]],"date-time":"2007-07-08T10:22:33Z","timestamp":1183890153000},"page":"37-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Speech recognition in nonstationary noise based on parallel HMMs and spectral subtraction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Mine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tetsunori","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"1391","article-title":"Adaptive Microphone\u2010Array System for Noise Reduction","volume":"34","author":"Kaneda Y.","year":"1986","journal-title":"IEEE Trans."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"297","article-title":"Evaluation of the group delay spectrum distance measure on robustness to noise and inter\u2010speaker variations in word recognition \u2014 Comparisons to various distance measures","volume":"75","author":"Matsumoto H.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans. IEEE (D\u2010II), Japan"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Noise immunity for word\u2010spotting speech recognition","volume":"74","author":"Takemura Y.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans. I.E.I.C.E. (D\u2010II), Japan"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Suppression of Acoustic Noise in Speech Using Spectral Subtraction","volume":"27","author":"Boll S. F.","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lookwood J.BoudyandM.Blanchet.Nonlinear Spectral Subtractor (NSS) and Hidden Markov Models for Robust Speech Recognition in Car Noise Environment.Proc. 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ISCASSP87 pp.713\u2013716(April1987).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.1987.1169551"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Kobayashi R.MineandK.Shirai.Speech Recognition Under the Nonstationary Noise Based on the Noise Markov Model and Spectral Subtraction.Proc. Eurospeech93 pp.833\u2013836(Sept.1993).","DOI":"10.21437\/Eurospeech.1993-191"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Kobayashi R.MineandK.Shirai.Markov Model Based Noise Model and Its Application to Noisy Speech Recognition Using Dynamical Features of Speech.Proc. 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