{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T11:15:33Z","timestamp":1760440533469},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]],"date-time":"2006-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5264,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Softw. Maint: Res. Pract."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper presents findings from the analysis of data contained in reports and documents maintained by an MIS department of a major pharmaceutical and nutritional manufacturer. To guide data collection, the paper develops a conceptual framework consisting of a descriptive scheme and an explanation model. The descriptive scheme classifies maintenance activities into four categories: adaptive, corrective, perfective, and ongoing support. The explanation model identifies meta\u2010factors that affect maintenance activity. The meta\u2010factors are age, size, programming language, processing environment, structured programming, modularization, analysis and design methodologies, end\u2010user involvement, documentation generation, and maintenance management. The paper analyses three business functions with high, middle, and low average time per repair maintenance project (ATM) measured in person\u2010hours over a period of one year. Each function has several systems, and each system consists of modules. The analysis of available data for all functions maintained shows that maintenance (both repair and update) consumed 49% of data processing (DP) resources. For the three functions, the majority of these resources are devoted to perfective maintenance and corrective maintenance. Guided by the explanation model, several variables belonging to the meta\u2010factors are identified. The following variables have the most significant influence over maintenance: real\u2010time processing, database processing, end\u2010user ongoing support, module size, number of runs and runtime per module, and number of reports and number of copies per function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/smr.4360040203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]],"date-time":"2006-11-17T15:40:36Z","timestamp":1163778036000},"page":"83-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The maintenance problem of application software: An empirical analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ghazi","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Alkhatib Ghazi I.(1985) \u2018Survey and evaluation of the utilization of computer and office automation equipment in government institutions in Saudi Arabia\u2019 in the Proceedings of the Symposium of Managing and Organizing Information of Modern Technology Riyadh Saudi Arabia March 1986 37\u201388."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"767","volume-title":"Software Engineering Economics","author":"Boehm Barry W.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1976.1674590"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Easing the software maintenance burden","volume":"8","author":"Canning Richard G.","year":"1981","journal-title":"EDP Analyzer"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Progress in software engineering, Part I","volume":"2","author":"Canning Richard G.","year":"1978","journal-title":"EDP Analyzer"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Progress in software engineering, Part II","volume":"3","author":"Canning Richard G.","year":"1978","journal-title":"EDP Analyzer"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"The maintenance iceberg","volume":"10","author":"Canning","year":"1972","journal-title":"EDP Analyzer"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Motivation of Maintenance Programmers","author":"Cougar J. Daniel","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.30.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","volume-title":"Yourdon Project Survey","author":"De Marco Tom","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","first-page":"306","volume-title":"Software Engineering Concepts and Techniques","author":"Dijkstra E.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Software maintenance revisited: a product life cycle perspective","volume":"1","author":"Doke E. Reed","year":"1991","journal-title":"Information Executive"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Duncan Mark(1989) \u2018Give maintenance some respect\u2019 Computerworld (20 November) 132."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","unstructured":"Duncan Mark(1987) \u2018Use the right language to boost perception of maintenance\u2019 Computerworld (9 February) $71."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Ferguson Glover T.andPer O.Flaatten(1986) \u2018Application generators: tools can give MIS a needed productivity boost\u2019 Computerworld (4 August) 49\u201351."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"Glass Robert L.(1990) \u2018Help! My software maintenance is out of control\u2019 Computerworld (12 February) 87\u201391."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"Implications of Using Modular Programming, Article No. 1","author":"Hoskyns Systems Research, Inc.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1145\/359511.359522","article-title":"Characteristics of application software maintenance","volume":"6","author":"Lientz B. P.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"214","volume-title":"Software Maintenance Management","author":"Lientz B. P.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Scheduled maintenance of application software","volume":"5","author":"Lindhorst W. 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