{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T09:20:48Z","timestamp":1759483248605},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,27]],"date-time":"2006-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1161907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10406,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Softw Pract Exp"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper reports a survey of the use of SPSS at a major nationwide university computer centre. SPSS was modified to output a record each time it was used reporting:\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>who was using the program;<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>resource consumption;<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>size of data set;<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>SPSS commands used;<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>SPSS syntax errors which occurred;<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>job status at termination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><jats:p>We found that SPSS was used 3,000\u20104,000 times monthly by a user community from over 30 departments. Resource consumption varied greatly but the majority of jobs are quite small in our terms. Data sets also varied greatly but most were up to 300 cases by up to 20 variables.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The majority of users employ a subset of the SPSS command language and attempt only one \u2018procedure\u2019 in each run. About 30 per cent of jobs fail due to a user error in the syntax, and we found considerable consistency from month to month in the syntax errors made.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Our detailed observations have many implications for the ongoing development of SPSS and its documentation, for the users, and for those who teach or advise in SPSS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380080307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]],"date-time":"2006-11-17T12:52:36Z","timestamp":1163767956000},"page":"301-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Use and misuse of SPSS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Leece","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"BMD: Biomedical Computer Programs","author":"Dixon W. J.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"SPSS; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences","author":"Nie N. H.","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Computer Software for Social Science Data","author":"Rowe B.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2683685"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"User\u2010package interface\u2014the case of SPSS","volume":"4","author":"Marsh C.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Inter University Committee on Computing Newsletter"}],"container-title":["Software: Practice and Experience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fspe.4380080307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/spe.4380080307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,12]],"date-time":"2023-11-12T08:15:28Z","timestamp":1699776928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/spe.4380080307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1978,5]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1978,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/spe.4380080307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/spe.4380080307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0038-0644","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-024X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1978,5]]}}}