{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:35:39Z","timestamp":1699835739349},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,27]],"date-time":"2006-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1161907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8792,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Softw Pract Exp"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1982,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accepting the coexistence of a variety of computer languages as a fact of life, this paper seeks to make a virtue of necessity by proposing a modular framework within which these languages can be used. Examples of the types of languages considered are command languages, programming languages, data manipulation and definition languages, data communication languages and text editor languages.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Aspects of syntactic modularity and semantic modularity are distinguished, and some answers to difficult questions are suggested, leading to a proposal for specific RUN and EXECUTE constructs that should be made widely available. Discussion is mainly at the level of the visible and conceptual concerns of the end user and the system architect, but the actual implementation of interconnection mechanisms is not totally ignored.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A tutorial outline is offered as an indication of how the underlying ideas might be introduced to non\u2010specialists, and might even become a part of elementary education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380121007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]],"date-time":"2006-11-17T12:20:01Z","timestamp":1163766001000},"page":"929-958","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Modularity of computer languages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Beech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"The Glass Bead Game","author":"Hesse H.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"Command Language Directions","author":"Beech D.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Programming Language COBOL, ANS","author":"American National Standards Institute","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","volume-title":"Programming Language COBOL","author":"American National Standards Institute","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Customer Information Control System\/Virtual Storage (CICS\/VS) Version 1 Release 5: Application Programmer's Reference Manual (Command Level)","author":"International Business Machines Corporation","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.206.0560"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","volume-title":"OS PL\/I Checkout and Optimizing Compilers: Language Reference Manual","author":"International Business Machines Corporation","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","volume-title":"Programming Language PL\/I","author":"American National Standards Institute","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","volume-title":"The SIMULA 67 Common Base Language","author":"Dahl O.\u2010J.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359763.359789"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1976.233830"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/954666.971189"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/360051.360074"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","volume-title":"Modular Operating System Design","author":"Madsen J.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"493","volume-title":"Proceedings National Complete Conference","author":"Beech D.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","volume-title":"The Structure and Design of Programming Languages","author":"Nicholls J. 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