{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T22:44:39Z","timestamp":1770504279232,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]],"date-time":"2006-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6026,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Softw Pract Exp"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Dialogue Management Project at Virginia Tech is studying the poorly understood problem of human\u2010computer dialogue development. This problem often leads to low usability in human\u2010computer dialogues. The Dialogue Management Project approaches solutions to low usability in interfaces by addressing human\u2010computer dialogue development as an integral and equal part of the total system development process. This project consists of two rather distinct, but dependent, parts. One is development of <jats:italic>concepts<\/jats:italic> for dialogue management, and the other is <jats:italic>implementation<\/jats:italic> of a dialogue management system (DMS) to evaluate these <jats:italic>concepts<\/jats:italic>. The goal of this paper is to describe our approach to the development of two of these <jats:italic>conceptual<\/jats:italic> aspects and how we oriented those toward the needs of practical <jats:italic>implementation<\/jats:italic>. The two conceptual aspects are\n<jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>A structural, descriptive <jats:italic>model of human\u2010computer interaction<\/jats:italic>, and<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Techniques for representing both the behavioural (end\u2010user's) view and the constructional (developer's) view of dialogue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><jats:p>The approach to their development was a technology transfer process that was part of a two\u2010year university\/industry research liaison between the Dialogue Management Project and IBM Federal Systems Division (FSD), now called Systems Integration Division. Part of this liaison was aimed at moving our research ideas and results into a real\u2010world dialogue development environment. Following presentation of the technical problems and solutions, the paper concludes with a discussion of results of our liaison and by raising and addressing some questions of mutual interest that arose during our co\u2010operative interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380200502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,18]],"date-time":"2006-11-18T00:42:09Z","timestamp":1163810529000},"page":"425-457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Developing human\u2010computer interface models and representation techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"H. Rex","family":"Hartson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Hix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Kraly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.194.0414"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"R. W.EhrichandH. R.Hartson \u2018DMS\u2014an enviroment for dialogue management\u2019 Proceedings of COMPCOM81 Washington D.C. 1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"H. R.Hartson D.(Johnson) HixandR. W.Ehrich \u2018A human\u2010computer dialogue management system\u2019 Proceedings of INTERACT '84 First IFIP Conference on Human\u2010Computer Interaction London 1984 pp.57\u201361."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.HixandH. R.Hartson \u2018An interactive environment for dialogue development: its design use and evaluation\u2014or\u2014is AIDE useful?\u2019Proceedings of CHI '86 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Boston MA 1986 pp.228\u2013234.","DOI":"10.1145\/22339.22376"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.Hix \u2018Assessment of an interactive environment for developing human\u2010computer interfaces\u2019 Proceedings of Thirtieth Annual Human Factors Society Conference Dayton OH 1986 pp.1349\u20131353.","DOI":"10.1177\/154193128603001401"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. G.Borufka H. W.KuhlmannandP. J. W.ten Hagen \u2018Dialogue cells: a method for defining interactions\u2019 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications (July) 25\u201333(1982).","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.1982.1674312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(84)80061-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1974.9450"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.SiochiandH. R.Hartson \u2018Task\u2010oriented representation of asynchronous interfaces\u2019 Proceedings of CHI'89 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Austin TX May1989 pp.183\u2013188.","DOI":"10.1145\/67449.67487"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. R.HartsonandD.Hix \u2018Human\u2010computer interface development: concepts and systems for its management\u2019 ACM Computing Surveys (March) 5\u201393(1989).","DOI":"10.1145\/62029.62031"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2163.358093"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"H. R.Hartson D.HixandT. M.Kraly \u2018An empirically\u2010based methodology for human\u2010computer interface development\u2019 Proceedings of Second International Conference on Human\u2010Computer Interaction Honolulu HA (August) 1987."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7373(89)90005-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3166.3170"}],"container-title":["Software: Practice and Experience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fspe.4380200502","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/spe.4380200502","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,22]],"date-time":"2023-10-22T13:38:25Z","timestamp":1697981905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/spe.4380200502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/spe.4380200502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/spe.4380200502","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0038-0644","1097-024X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0038-0644","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-024X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,5]]}}}