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While the development of new microservices systems can leverage a wide range of resources and proven strategies, the migration of an existing monolithic system is not easily generalizable. Software architects look for guidance and predictable results in this highly individual process, in particular for generating a targeted, quality\u2010oriented, and semi\u2010automated decomposition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically guide software architects and developers in modernizing their software systems, we propose a holistic and quality\u2010oriented methodology to transform monolithic applications into microservices. Our work aims to provide industry\u2010relevant methods that address the gap between academia and practice by facilitating the transfer of knowledge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In an overarching design science research process, we developed a framework that we implemented as a web\u2010based application. As a preliminary work, we conducted two initial interview studies with 25 software professionals to collect evidence on the intentions, strategies, and challenges in a migration process. An essential groundwork of our framework design constitute 110 scientific publications on approaches for architectural refactoring and migration to microservices, which we reviewed over four iterations. In a multifaceted evaluation with 26 participants, we examined our methodology's capability of providing actionable guidance for practitioners. This evaluation was complemented by two longitudinal case studies in an industrial context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We provide a framework for transforming monolithic applications to microservices, along with a dedicated quality assurance concept that supports a quality\u2010driven migration process. The evaluations among 19 software professionals showed an overall positive result in terms of effectiveness, usefulness, and usability. Two industrial case studies confirmed these promising results. Among practitioners, we discerned a need for flexibility, ease of use, and holistic guidance in a migration process. In this regard, we see potential to evolve our concept using artificial intelligence techniques for even more precise recommendations in a human\u2010like conversational dialog.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T08:34:25Z","timestamp":1773909265000},"page":"658-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Developing a Framework for the Quality\u2010Driven Migration to Microservices: A Multi\u2010Method Design Science Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Jonas","family":"Fritzsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stuttgart  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justus","family":"Bogner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stuttgart  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stuttgart  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Knodel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stuttgart  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reutlingen University of Applied Sciences  Reutlingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Stuttgart  Stuttgart Germany"},{"name":"Technical University of Munich  Heilbronn Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2018.2141039"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","unstructured":"Statista \u201cOrganizations' Adoption Level of Microservices Worldwide in 2021 \u201d20212021 https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1233937\/microservices\u2010adoption\u2010level\u2010organization\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","unstructured":"Intel \u201cFive Challenges That Hinder Microservices \u201d2021(Technical report Intel Corporation) https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/cloud\u2010computing\/resources\/five\u2010challenges\u2010hinder\u2010microservices\u2010paper.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","unstructured":"J.Mauerer \u201cIT\u2010Steinzeit in Deutschen Unternehmen \u201d(2022) https:\/\/www.cio.de\/a\/it\u2010steinzeit\u2010in\u2010deutschen\u2010firmen 3553612."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","unstructured":"TIMETOACT GROUP GmbH \u201cStudie Legacy\u2010Modernisierung 2022 \u201dhttps:\/\/www.timetoact\u2010group.com\/studie\u2010legacy\u2010modernisierung\u20102022."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","volume-title":"Softwareevolution: Erhaltung und Fortschreibung bestehender Softwaresysteme","author":"Sneed H. 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