{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T00:10:20Z","timestamp":1736640620651,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]],"date-time":"2006-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4321,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Software Testing Verif &amp; Rel"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The decision table is one of the simplest representations of the rules underlying a systematic decision\u2010making process, and is especially valuable in the development of knowledge\u2010based systems. A two dimensional table links all relevant combinations of input conditions to the desired combinations of output actions in a very intuitive way. This simplicity belies the complex considerations involved in verifying, validating, formulating or interpreting this (or any other) representation of machine\u2010based knowledge. In this paper, the common styles of decision table representation are reviewed, a formulation of their meaning is presented, construction methods are reviewed, and an algorithm for ensuring consistency is suggested. The problems that may occur in imperfectly constructed tables are discussed, detection methods reviewed, and some implementation methods are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/stvr.4370050204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]],"date-time":"2006-11-17T16:04:36Z","timestamp":1163779476000},"page":"107-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decision tables: Formalisation, validation, and verification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Murrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Plant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Agarwal R.andTanniru M.(1991) \u2018A Petri\u2010net based approach for verifying the integrity of production systems\u2019 Workshop Notes 9th National Conference on AI (AAAI\u201091) Anaheim California 17th July 1991. (Distributed by the Authors: Department of MIS University of Drayton Drayton OH 45469 U.S.A.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"1030","volume-title":"Expert Systems World Congress Proceedings","author":"Bench\u2010Capon T. J. M.","year":"1991"},{"volume-title":"Programming in Prolog","year":"1981","author":"Clocksin W. F.","key":"e_1_2_1_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"CODASYL(1982) \u2018CODASYL a modern appraisal of decision tables\u2019 Report of the Decision Table Task Group ACM Press New York U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-7555-2_28"},{"volume-title":"Maintenance of Knowledge\u2010based Systems","year":"1993","author":"Coenen F.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(87)80076-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darlington J.andReeve M.(1981) \u2018ALICE: a multiprocessor reduction machine for the parallel evaluation of applicative languages\u2019 ACM\/MIT Conference on Functional Programming Languages and Computer Architecture New Hampshire ACM Press 1981 pp.50\u201362.","DOI":"10.1145\/800223.806764"},{"volume-title":"Generating FORTRAN programs from Decision Tables","year":"1990","author":"Dumitrascu L.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"120","volume-title":"Validating and Verifying Knowledge\u2010based Systems","author":"Ginsberg A.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Gupta U.(1990) \u2018A rule\u2010based intelligent test case generator \u2019 Workshop Notes: AAAI 90 Workshop on Validation and Verification Boston Massachusetts 4 August 1990. (Distributed by the Author: Department of Decision Sciences E. Carolina State University Greenville North Carolina U.S.A.)"},{"volume-title":"VP\u2010Expert for Business Applications","year":"1988","author":"Hicks R.","key":"e_1_2_1_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"Maes R. Vanthienen J.andVerhelst M. (1981) \u2018Procedural decision support through the use of PRODEMO\u2019.Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Systems Cambridge Massachusetts 7\u20139 December 1981 ACM Press New York U.S.A. pp.149\u2013158."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/31.6.481"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","unstructured":"Maluszynski J.andNaslund T.(1989) \u2018Fail substitutions for negation as failure\u2019 Proceedings of the North American Conference on Logic Programming Cleveland Ohio M. I. T. Press Cambridge Massachusetts. U.S.A. pp.461\u2013476."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0406138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"Merlevede P.andVanthienen J.(1991) \u2018A structured approach to formalization and validation of knowledge\u2019 Proceedings of the IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Developing and Managing Expert System Programs Washington DC IEEE Computer Society Press Los Alamitos California U.S.A. pp.149\u2013158."},{"volume-title":"Decision Table Languages and Systems","year":"1977","author":"Metzner J. R.","key":"e_1_2_1_19_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murrell S.andPlant R. T.(1995) \u2018A graph\u2010reduction implementation of a production system\u2019 Knowledge\u2010Based Systems Butterworth\u2010Heineman to be published.","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-7051(95)96212-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","unstructured":"Nguyen T. A. Perkins W. A.andLaffery T. J.(1985) \u2018Checking an expert systems knowledge base for consistency and completeness\u2019 Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on A. I. Los Angeles California 18\u201323 August 1985 Vol. 1. AAAI Press pp.375\u2013378."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","unstructured":"Nguyen T. A.(1987) \u2018Verifying consistency of production systems\u2019 Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on AI Applications Kissimmee Florida 23\u201327 February 1987 IEEE Computer Society Press Los Alamitos California U.S.A. pp.4\u20137."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plaza J. A.(1992) \u2018Fully declarative logic programming \u2019 Programming Language Implementation and Logic Programming Proceedings 1992 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 631 pp.415\u2013427.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-55844-6_151"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","unstructured":"Preece A. D.andShinghal R.(1991) \u2018COVER: a practical tool for verifying rule\u2010based systems \u2019 AAAI Workshop on Validation and Verification Notes AAAI 1991. (Distributed by the Authors: Department of Computer Science University of Aberdeen U. K.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","unstructured":"Puuronen S.(1987) \u2018A tabular rule checking method \u2019 Proceedings of Avignon Vol. 1 pp.257\u2013268."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1042-8143(92)90004-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"Stachowitz R. A. Chang C. L. Stock T. S.andCoombs J. B.(1987) In NASA Conference Publication 2491 First Annual Workshop on Space Operations Automation and Robotics (SOAR\u203287) Johnson Space Center Houston Texas 5\u20137 August 1987."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/129617.129621"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","unstructured":"Suwa M. Scott A. C.andShortliffe E. H.(1984) \u2018An approach to verifying completeness and consistency in a rule\u2010based expert system \u2019 Al Magazine Fall 1984 pp.16\u201321."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka M. Aoyama N. Sugiur A.andKoseki Y.(1993) \u2018Integration of multiple knowledge representations for classification problems\u2019 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Tools with AI Boston Massachusetts 8\u201311 November 1993 IEEE Computer Society Press Los Alamitos California. U.S.A. pp.448\u2013449.","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.1993.633996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","unstructured":"Vanthienen J.andDries E.(1993) \u2018Illustration of a decision table tool for specifying and implementing knowledge\u2010based systems\u2019 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Tools with AI Boston Massachusetts 8\u201311 November 1993 IEEE Computer Society Press Los Alamitos California. U.S.A. pp.198\u2013205."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"Vanthienen J.andRobben F.(1993) \u2018Developing legal knowledge\u2010based systems using decision tables \u2019Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on AI and the Law Amsterdam 15\u201318 June 1993 ACM Press New York U.S.A. pp.282\u2013291."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"1861","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Expert Systems","author":"Vanthienen J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","unstructured":"Vanthienen J.andDries E.(1995) \u2018Decision tables: refining the concept and a proposed standard\u2019 Communications of the ACM to be published."},{"volume-title":"La table de decision comme technique a l'useage du management et de l'organisation","year":"1975","author":"Verhelst M. R.","key":"e_1_2_1_35_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1987 Symposium on Logic Programming","author":"Wallace M.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","unstructured":"Yoon J. P.(1989) \u2018Techniques for data and rule validation in knowledge\u2010based systems \u2019 COMPASS 89 Proceedings of the 4th Confrence on Computer Assurance System Integrity Software Safety and Process Security. pp.62\u201370."}],"container-title":["Software Testing, Verification and Reliability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fstvr.4370050204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/stvr.4370050204","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T23:51:48Z","timestamp":1736639508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/stvr.4370050204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/stvr.4370050204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/stvr.4370050204","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-0833","1099-1689"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0960-0833"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1099-1689"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}