{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:01:06Z","timestamp":1761512466269,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,8]],"date-time":"2007-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1194480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Systems Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As organizations strive to expand system capabilities through the development of system\u2010of\u2010systems (SoS) architectures, they want to know \u201chow much effort\u201d and \u201chow long.\u201d In order to answer these questions, it is important to first understand the types of activities performed in SoS architecture development and integration and how these vary across different SoS implementations. This paper provides preliminary results of research conducted to determine types of SoS Lead System Integrator (LSI) activities and how these differ from the more traditional system engineering activities described in EIA 632 (Processes for Engineering a System). It also looks at concepts in organizational theory, complex adaptive systems, and chaos theory and how these might be applied to SoS LSI activities to improve success rates and efficiency in the development of these \u201cvery large\u201d complex systems. \u00a9 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.20085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,8]],"date-time":"2007-11-08T12:16:27Z","timestamp":1194524187000},"page":"81-91","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["System of systems lead system integrators: Where Do they spend their time and what makes them more or less efficient?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jo Ann","family":"Lane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Boehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.17.11.661"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","article-title":"Cities as systems within systems of cities","volume":"13","year":"1964","journal-title":"The Regional Science Association Papers"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","unstructured":"S.Blanchette U.S. Army Acquisition\u2014 the program executive officer perspective Special Report CMU\/SEI\u20102005\u2010SR\u2010002 March2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"B.Boehm Teaching the elephant to dance: Agility meets systems of systems engineering and acquisition Ground System Architectures Workshop (GSAW) Keynote Address March2005 http:\/\/sunset.usc.edu\/GSAW\/gsaw2005\/s10\/boehm.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"21st century processes for acquiring 21st century software\u2010intensive systems of systems","volume":"19","year":"2006","journal-title":"CrossTalk"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","unstructured":"Department of Defense (DoD) System of systems engineering guide: Considerations for systems engineering in a system of systems environment draft version 0.9 Washington DC 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Electronic Industries Alliance EIA Standard 632: Processes for engineering a system Arlington VA January1999."},{"volume-title":"Adaptive software development: A collaborative approach to managing complex systems","year":"2000","key":"e_1_2_1_9_1"},{"volume-title":"At home in the universe: The search for the laws of self\u2010organization and complexity","year":"1995","key":"e_1_2_1_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"K.Kreitman From \u201cthe magic gig\u201d to reliable organizations: A new paradigm for the control of complex systems Symp Complex Syst Eng http:\/\/cs.calstatela.edu\/wiki\/index.php\/Symposium_on_Complex_Systems_Engineering accessed January 1 2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"A.Krygiel Behind the wizard's curtain CCRP Publication Series July1999 http:\/\/www.dodccrp.org\/files\/Krygiel_Wizards.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"J.Lane System\u2010of\u2010systems processes Proc CSE Annual Research Review 2005 http:\/\/csse.usc.edu\/events\/2005\/arr\/proceedings\/presentations\/Review\/Session4\/Lane.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"J.LaneandB.Boehm Modern tools to support DoD software intensive system of systems cost estimation data and analysis center for software (August2007)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sys.20078"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6858(1998)1:4<267::AID-SYS3>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","unstructured":"J.PressmanandA.Wildavsky Implementation: How great expectations in Washington are dashed in Oakland; or why it's amazing that federal programs work at all this being a saga of the Economic Development Administration as told by two sympathetic observers who seek to build morals on a foundation of ruined hopes University of California Press Berkeley 1973."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","unstructured":"SEI Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) CMU\/SEI\u20102002\u2010TR\u2010001 Pittsburgh PA December2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"S.Sheard Practical applications of complexity theory for systems engineers Systems and Software Consortium Herndon VA 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","unstructured":"S.Sheard Systems of systems necessitates bridging systems engineering and complex systems sciences presented at Second Annu SoS Eng Conf Defense Acquisition University Ft. 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