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Hence, it is a significant improvement over the earlier complete view\u2010independent method which is computationally intractable for complex environments or the hybrid methods which include an extended view\u2010dependent ray tracing second pass. The new method is based on an efficient data structure of order <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) called the spherical cover. The spherical cover elegantly captures the complex multidimensional directional nature of light distributed over surfaces. Subdivision techniques based on range estimation of various parameters using interval\u2010arithmetic\u2010like methods are next described for efficiently computing the spherical cover for a given 3D environment. Using the spherical cover, light is progressively propagated through the environment until energy equilibrium is reached. Complexity analysis of the propagation step is carried out to show that the method is computationally tractable. 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