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Several automatic lip\u2010sync techniques are compared, and one method is described in detail. In this method a common speech synthesis method, linear prediction, is adapted to provide simple and accurate phoneme recognition. The recognized phonemes are associated with mouth positions to provide keyframes for computer animation of speech. Experience with this technique indicates that automatic lip\u2010sync can produce useful results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/vis.4340020404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]],"date-time":"2006-11-17T14:21:59Z","timestamp":1163773319000},"page":"118-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Automated lip\u2010sync: Background and techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"Lipreading","author":"Walther E.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","volume-title":"SIGGRAPH 87 Tutorial Notes on 3\u2010D Character Animation by Computer","author":"McGovern T.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","volume-title":"Animation: Learn How to Draw Animated Cartoons","author":"Blair P.","year":"1949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.1982.1674492"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","volume-title":"Controlling facial expressions and body movements in the computer\u2010generated animated short \u201cTony de Peltrie\u201d","author":"Bergeron P.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","volume-title":"Synthetic Actors in Computer Generated Three\u2010Dimensional Films","author":"Magnenat\u2010Thalmann N.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/37402.37405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","volume-title":"Digital Processing of Speech Signals","author":"Rabiner L.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","volume-title":"Principle of Computer Speech","author":"Witten I.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-00849-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"P.Weil \u2018About face: Computergraphic synthesis and manipulation of facial imagery\u2019 M.S. Thesis Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1982."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"J.LewisandP.Purcell \u2018Soft machine: a personable interface\u2019 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 84 Ottawa May1984 pp.223\u2013226."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"A.Pearce B.Wyvill G.WyvillandD.Hill. \u2018Speech and expression: a computer solution to face animation\u2019 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 86 1986 pp.136\u2013140."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01914863"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01914864"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.LewisandF.Parke \u2018Automated lipsync and speech synthesis for character animation\u2019 Proceedings of CH187 Toronto 1987 pp.143\u2013147.","DOI":"10.1145\/30851.30874"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2946.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-66286-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","unstructured":"F.Parke \u2018A parametric model for human faces\u2019 Ph.D. Dissertation University of Utah 1974."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sapm1946251261"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","volume-title":"Programs for Digital Signal Processing","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","volume-title":"SIGGRAPH 89 Course Notes on State of the Art in Facial Animation","author":"DiPaola S.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-6333-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","unstructured":"J.Lewis LispScore Manual Squonk Manual NYIT internal documentation 1984 1986."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","unstructured":"F.Parke Personal communication."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","volume-title":"SIGGRAPH 87 Tutorial Notes on 3\u2010D Character Animation by Computer","author":"Kroyer B.","year":"1987"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fvis.4340020404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/vis.4340020404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T10:24:39Z","timestamp":1698056679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/vis.4340020404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/vis.4340020404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vis.4340020404","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1049-8907","1099-1778"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1049-8907","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-1778","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,10]]}}}