{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T13:18:23Z","timestamp":1775999903011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,29]],"date-time":"2004-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4290,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Yeast"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The killer phenotype expressed by <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic> strain 28 differs fron that of the more extensively studied K<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> killers with respect to immunity, mode of toxin action and cell wall primary toxin receptor. We previosly demonstrated that the M<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> and L<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> dsRNAs found in strain 28 are present in virus\u2010like particles (VLPs) and that transfection with these VLPs is sufficient to confer the complete K<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> phenotype on a dsRNA\u2010free recipient cell. We also demonstrated that L<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub>, like the L\u2010A\u2010H species in K<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> killers, has [HOK] activity required for maintenance of M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010dsRNA, and predicted that M<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> would share with M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> dependence on L\u2010A for replication. We now confirm this prediction by genetic and biochemical analysis of the effects of representative <jats:italic>mak<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ski<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mkt<\/jats:italic> mutations on M<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> maintenance, demonstrating that M<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> replication resebles M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> in all respects. We also show that L<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> is an L\u2010A\u2010H species lacking [B] activity, and that M<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> excludes both M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and M<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from the same cytoplasm. Stable coexpression of K<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> phenotype from M<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> and of K<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> phenotype from an M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010cDNA clone was demonstrated. Exclusion, therefore, acts at the level of dsRNA replication, presumably reflecting competition for the L\u2010A\u2010H encoded capsid and cap\u2010pol fusion protein, rather than reflecting incompatibility of toxin or immunity expression. Finally, we show that expression of active K<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> toxin, bu t not of K<jats:sub>28<\/jats:sub> immunity, requires the Kex2 endoprotease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.320080505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,28]],"date-time":"2005-05-28T23:37:26Z","timestamp":1117323446000},"page":"373-384","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Genetic analysis of maintenance and expression of L and M double\u2010stranded RNAs from yeast killer virus K<sub>28<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Manfred J.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Donald J.","family":"Tipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(86)90864-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.143.1.463-470.1980","article-title":"Encapsidation of yeast killer double\u2010stranded ribonucleic acids: dependence of M on L","volume":"143","author":"Bostina K. 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