{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T10:25:53Z","timestamp":1756463153202,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012651","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012651","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012651","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012651","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["afspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides is an important freshwater fish that is native to the southeastern United States and is cultured for conservation, food, and for the sports fishing industry. Francisella orientalis is a globally distributed bacterial pathogen of warmwater fish species and is associated with granulomatous inflammation and high mortalities. Outbreaks of piscine francisellosis in the United States have been reported in only a few fish species. This study describes three case presentations of francisellosis in Largemouth Bass from a public display system in north-central Florida. Additionally, laboratory-controlled immersion challenges using an F. orientalis isolate from tilapia\u2009Oreochromis\u2009spp. evaluate susceptibility of Largemouth Bass fingerlings to\u2009F. orientalis infection and mortality through this exposure route.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Necropsy, histologic examination, immunohistochemistry, bacterial recovery and culture, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used as diagnostic tools to evaluate both the affected display fish and the immersion-challenged fingerlings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although the display fish and immersion-challenged fingerlings presented with nonspecific clinical signs, gross and histological changes were indicative of granulomatous disease. Immunohistochemical and molecular testing methods confirmed F. orientalis infection in affected fish.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The three case presentations described here mark the first reporting of naturally occurring piscine francisellosis in Largemouth Bass that were held in a public display exhibit. Additionally, causality was proven in the Largemouth Bass fingerlings through the immersion challenges. These findings demonstrate susceptibility through immersion-based exposure and assert that francisellosis should be considered among the list of differential diagnoses for Largemouth Bass with granulomatous disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aah.10197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T21:05:00Z","timestamp":1700082300000},"page":"201-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnosis of piscine francisellosis in Largemouth Bass from a public display exhibit in north-central Florida, USA"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Sheehy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Health Program, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4912-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid","family":"Shahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquatic Animal Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6783-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvin","family":"Camus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4821-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Francis-Floyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4185-1867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy","family":"Yanong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tropical Aquaculture Laboratory, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Ruskin, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4695-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Fogelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fishhead Labs, LLC, Stuart, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6054-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California\u2013Davis, Davis, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2010.01226.x","article-title":"Francisella infections in fish and shellfish","volume":"34","author":"Birkbeck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1071\/MF10289","article-title":"The biology and management of Tilapia mariae (Pisces: Cichlidae) as a native and invasive species: A review","volume":"62","author":"Bradford","year":"2011","journal-title":"Marine and Freshwater Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12071","article-title":"Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis infection in Indo-Pacific reef fish entering the United States through the ornamental fish trade","volume":"36","author":"Camus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-42-47","article-title":"Francisella infections in farmed and wild aquatic organisms","volume":"42","author":"Colquhoun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638716637639","article-title":"Histologic and molecular characterization of Edwardsiella piscicida infection in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","volume":"28","author":"Fogelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"volume-title":"Mycobacterial infections of fish (Publication 4706). Southern Regional Aquaculture Center","year":"2011","author":"Francis-Floyd","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0006"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-29.2.334","article-title":"An epizootic of Edwardsiella tarda in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)","volume":"29","author":"Francis-Floyd","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734901","article-title":"Aquaculture industry development, annual price analysis and out-of-season spawning in Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides","volume":"519","author":"Hussein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03044","article-title":"Susceptibility of common carp and sunfish to a strain of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis in a challenge experiment","volume":"121","author":"Lewisch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870501700616","article-title":"Occurrence of Piscirickettsiosis-like syndrome in tilapia in the continental United States","volume":"17","author":"Mauel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118786758","volume-title":"Fish disease: Diagnosis and treatment","author":"Noga","year":"2010","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3354\/dao072135","article-title":"Aquatic Francisella-like bacterium associated with mortality of intensively cultured hybrid Striped Bass Morone chrysops \u00d7 M. saxatilis","volume":"72","author":"Ostland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12647","article-title":"Ocular localization of mycobacterial lesions in tank-reared juvenile Cobia, Rachycentron canadum","volume":"40","author":"Phillips","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13217","article-title":"Comparison of the pathogenicity of Francisella orientalis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer) and Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) through experimental intraperitoneal infection","volume":"43","author":"Poudyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2021.111058","article-title":"Granulomatous bacterial diseases in fish: An overview of the host's immune response","volume":"261","author":"Rajme-Manzur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711407058","article-title":"Francisella asiatica as the causative agent of piscine francisellosis in cultured tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Soto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2009.01070.x","article-title":"Francisella sp., an emerging pathogen of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in Costa Rica","volume":"32","author":"Soto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712452108","article-title":"Molecular and immunohistochemical diagnosis of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues","volume":"24","author":"Soto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0059R.1","article-title":"Identification of Francisella noatunensis in novel host species French Grunt (Haemulon flavolineatum) and Caesar Grunt (Haemulon carbonarium)","volume":"45","author":"Soto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03333","article-title":"Characterization of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis isolated from Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus farmed in Lake Yojoa, Honduras","volume":"133","author":"Soto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms"},{"volume-title":"Sportfishing in America: An economic force for conservation. American Sportfishing Association","year":"2012","author":"Southwick Associates","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0021"},{"volume-title":"Sportfishing in America: A reliable economic force. American Sportfishing Association","year":"2020","author":"Southwick Associates","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0022"},{"volume-title":"2011 National Survey of fishing, hunting and wildlife-associated recreation \u2013 Florida. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","year":"2011","author":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","key":"2025011310054884500_aah10197-bib-0023"}],"container-title":["Journal of Aquatic Animal Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article-pdf\/35\/4\/201\/60982068\/aah10197.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article-pdf\/35\/4\/201\/60982068\/aah10197.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T10:09:55Z","timestamp":1736762995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jaah\/article\/35\/4\/201\/7808712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aah.10197","relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-7659","1548-8667"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0899-7659"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1548-8667"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}