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Herein, we identified an emerging pathogen, Lactococcus garvieae, as the etiological agent.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After bacterial isolation from the brain and kidney of diseased fish, identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the VITEK 2 system. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and phylogenetic analysis were applied to confirm bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted. Histopathological findings in the brain, kidney, spleen, liver, and heart were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 20 fish samples, L.\u2009garvieae (n\u2009=\u200918 isolates) and Streptococcus\u2009agalactiae (n\u2009=\u20092 isolates) were identified. A phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that Thai isolates of either L.\u2009garvieae or S.\u2009agalactiae clustered with reference piscine isolates from intercontinental locations. Our isolates showed resistance against quinolones while being susceptible to other antimicrobials. Histopathological changes demonstrated severe septicemic conditions, with more invasive lesions\u2014especially in the heart and liver\u2014being apparent in L.\u2009garvieae-infected fish compared to S.\u2009agalactiae-infected fish.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study represents the first reported outbreak of L. garvieae with a concurrent S.\u2009agalactiae infection in farmed red tilapia in Thailand.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title\/>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aah.10217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T04:15:41Z","timestamp":1713413741000},"page":"192-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characterization of <i>Lactococcus garvieae<\/i> and <i>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/i> in cultured red tilapia <i>Oreochromis<\/i> sp. in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8073-6226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasibha","family":"Jantrakajorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4815-1679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Watcharapol","family":"Suyapoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand"},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 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