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Half of the participants were exposed to a chronic stressor (high stress) and half were not (low stress). Participants' emotional responses were measured via self\u2010report mood ratings before and after the experiment. Men displayed higher aggression in both stress conditions, which corresponded to their ratings of state hostility. On the other hand, women in high stress delivered lower intensity shocks, and this decreased overt aggression was positively correlated with sadness ratings. However, women did not decrease their levels of shock duration (covert aggression) under high stress and showed equivalent shock duration compared with men in high stress. These findings are discussed in terms of differential overt manifestations of distress between men and women. Aggr. Behav. 33:1\u201311, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,3]],"date-time":"2007-04-03T19:20:07Z","timestamp":1175628007000},"page":"261-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Gender differences in emotional and overt\/covert aggressive responses to stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Edelyn","family":"Verona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Americus","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Curtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Pole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.4.772"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.2001.1502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167200262005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1976.tb01308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.38.11.1135"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.45.4.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9116-7_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0035730"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.119.3.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2337(1992)18:2<117::AID-AB2480180205>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00844816"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.63.3.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2337(1992)18:2<95::AID-AB2480180203>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.3.316","article-title":"Tripartite model of anxiety and depression. 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