{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:12:34Z","timestamp":1790673154907,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victim Support Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aggressive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Feelings of revenge are a common human response to being hurt by others. Among crime victims of severe sexual or physical violence, significant correlations have been reported between revenge and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Homicide is one of the most severe forms of interpersonal violence. It is therefore likely that individuals bereaved by homicide experience high levels of revenge, which may hamper efforts to cope with traumatic loss. The relationship between revenge and psychological adjustment following homicidal loss has not yet been empirically examined. In the current cross\u2010sectional study, we used self\u2010report data from 331 spouses, family members and friends of homicide victims to examine the relationships between dispositional revenge and situational revenge on the one hand and symptom\u2010levels of PTSD and complicated grief, as well as indices of positive functioning, on the other hand. Furthermore, the association between revenge and socio\u2010demographic and offense\u2010related factors was examined. Participants were recruited from a governmental support organization, a website with information for homicidally bereaved individuals, and members of support groups. Levels of both dispositional and situational revenge were positively associated with symptoms of PTSD and complicated grief, and negatively with positive functioning. Participants reported significantly less situational revenge in cases where the perpetrator was a direct family member than cases where the perpetrator was an indirect family member, friend, or someone unknown. Homicidally bereaved individuals reported more situational revenge, but not more dispositional revenge than a sample of students who had experienced relatively mild interpersonal transgressions. Aggr. Behav. 40:504\u2013511, 2014. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]],"date-time":"2014-06-06T20:44:44Z","timestamp":1402087484000},"page":"504-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Revenge and psychological adjustment after homicidal loss"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Mari\u00ebtte","family":"van Denderen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"de Keijser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coby","family":"Gerlsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Huisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology University of Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Boelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Health Psychology Utrecht University Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"De positieve uitkomsten lijst (PUL)","volume":"36","author":"Appelo M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gedragstherapie"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"De Positieve Uitkomst Lijst (PUL) Handleiding","author":"Appelo M. 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Boelen P. van Denderen M. &Gerlsma C.(2014).Psychometric properties of the Vengeance Scale. Manuscript in preparation."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005\u20107967(99)00123\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466507X206883"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040\u20103590.9.4.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.56.3.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"Gerlsma C. Lugtmeyer V. van Denderen M. &de Keijser J.(2014).Measuring revenge and forgiveness after victimization: Adapting the TRIM for forensic settings. 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