{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:15:13Z","timestamp":1786976113808,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aggressive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sexual harassment represents aggressive behavior that is often enacted instrumentally, in response to a threatened sense of masculinity and male identity. To date, however, theoretical attention to the social cognitive processes that regulate workplace harassment is scant. This article presents the development and preliminary validation of the Moral Disengagement in Sexual Harassment Scale (MDiSH); a self\u2010report measure of moral disengagement in the context of hostile work environment harassment. Three studies (total\n                      <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009797) document the excellent psychometric properties of this new scale. Male U.K. university students (Study 1:\n                      <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009322) and U.S. working males (Studies 2 and 3:\n                      <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009475) completed the MDiSH and an array of measures for construct validation. The MDiSH exhibited positive correlations with sexual harassment myth acceptance, male gender identification, and hostile sexism. In Study 3, participants were exposed to a fictitious case of hostile work environment harassment. The MDiSH attenuated moral judgment, negative emotions (guilt, shame, and anger), sympathy, and endorsement of prosocial behavioral intentions (support for restitution) associated with the harassment case. Conversely, the MDiSH increased positive affect (happiness) about the harassment and attribution of blame to the female complainant. Implications for practice and future research avenues are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 42:254\u2013273, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]],"date-time":"2015-09-09T10:13:14Z","timestamp":1441793594000},"page":"254-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["\u201cIt was only harmless banter!\u201d The development and preliminary validation of the moral disengagement in sexual harassment scale"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Page","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Kent Kent United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afroditi","family":"Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Kent Kent United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Giner\u2010Sorolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Kent Kent United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"In the company of men: Male dominance and sexual harassment","author":"Baigent D","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory","author":"Bandura A","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540\u20104560.1990.tb00270.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr0303_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.71.2.364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/097168580000600106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1524\u20109220.3.2.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u20109010.92.2.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20106402.1996.tb00320.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02651095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.29.5.608"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","volume-title":"Sexual harassment in the workplace: Perspectives, frontiers, and response strategies. Women and work: A research and policy series, vol. 5","author":"Bowes\u2010Sperry L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639902500601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AMR.2005.16387886"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610393980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming","author":"Byrne B. M","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034488"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","unstructured":"Carroll J. A.(2009).Impact of moral judgment and moral disengagement on rape\u2010supportive attitudes in college males(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Alabama Alabama United States of America."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20109004.2007.00040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.90.5.804"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20106402.2008.00451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello A. B.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10778010022181822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018816025988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888499026001003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09541440903160492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076\u20108998.3.1.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u20109010.93.2.374"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21444"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029883"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","unstructured":"Elliott D. S. &Rhinehart M.(1995).Moral disengagement delinquent peers and delinquent behaviour. Unpublished manuscript Institute of Behavioral Science University of Colorado United States of America."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","unstructured":"European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) (2014). Violence against women: An EU\u2010wide survey [on\u2010line] retrieved December 15th 2014 from:http:\/\/fra.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/fra\u20102014\u2010vaw\u2010survey\u2010main\u2010results_en.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","volume-title":"Sexual shakedown: The sexual harassment of women on the job","author":"Farley L","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503620766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","volume-title":"Conflict, decision, and dissonance","author":"Festinger L","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0041593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u20100066X.48.10.1070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207\u2010013\u20109149\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp1704_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684313515185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1995.1033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.70.3.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Handbook of experimental existential psychology","author":"Goldenberg J. L.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.85.2.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2009.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2010.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359\u20101789(03)00048\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpal.2014.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199\u2010009\u20109689\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109442819800100106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684313482873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit","volume":"6","author":"Hooper D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167202238377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167206297402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","volume-title":"Surviving Sexual Violence","author":"Kelly L","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00288230"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407511402420"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modelling","author":"Kline R","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11211\u2010008\u20100074\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510388284"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.95.1.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167210376391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361684313496549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979\u2010010\u20109241\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751\u20109004.2010.00340.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199\u2010007\u20109367\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/493964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470595807088322"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Social identities: Motivational, emotional, cultural influences","author":"Maass A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.85.5.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082\u2010989X.1.2.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.79.4.602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","volume-title":"On the move: The status of women in policing","author":"Martin S","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430207075154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010011\u20100124\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00287987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20102370.2011.00300.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018769016832"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206308330555"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AMR.2000.3312924"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053\u20104822(00)00041\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979\u2010005\u20104930\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20100432.1994.tb00005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2015.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500002205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","unstructured":"Paulhus D. L.(1988).Assessing self\u2010 deception and impression management in self\u2010reports: The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding. Unpublished manual University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-590241-0.50006-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B.JOBA.0000007454.34.707.a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018761922759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2010.501909"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2009.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00288453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_104_1","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace: International perspectives in research and practice","author":"Pryor J. B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540\u20104560.1995.tb01309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1993.1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_107_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Sexual harassment: Theory, research, and treatment","author":"Pryor J. B.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_108_1","volume-title":"Sexual harassment on college campuses: Abusing the ivory power","author":"Quina K","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243202016003007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00287976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u20103514.91.4.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167212436401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:SERS.0000023075.32252.fd"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wsif.2013.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031\u2010006\u20109006\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199\u2010008\u20109507\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2012.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2012.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167211398138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20106402.2007.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013918"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1076\u20108971.5.3.630"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920630002600604"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/humor\u20102015\u20100023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21561"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1026\/0012\u20101924\/a000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1993.1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3149\/jms.1001.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/1524\u20109220.2.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025776705629"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_133_1","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Structural equation modelling: Concepts, issues, and applications","author":"West S. G.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031728"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021\u20109010.85.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a1024818110678"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327876mp11036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000006288127"}],"container-title":["Aggressive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fab.21621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ab.21621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T16:05:29Z","timestamp":1696608329000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ab.21621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ab.21621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.21621","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0096-140X","1098-2337"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0096-140X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2337","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,9]]}}}