{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T19:34:46Z","timestamp":1790796886420,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]],"date-time":"2017-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NWO\/National Initiative Brain and Cognition NIHC","award":["NWO-056-24-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NWO-056-24-011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aggressive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals with aggression regulation disorders tend to attribute hostility to others in socially ambiguous situations. Previous research suggests that this \u201chostile attribution bias\u201d is a powerful cause of aggression. Facial expressions form important cues in the appreciation of others\u2019 intentions. Furthermore, accurate processing of facial expressions is fundamental to normal socialization. However, research on interpretation biases in facial affect is limited. It is asserted that a hostile interpretation bias (HIB) is likely to be displayed by individuals with an antisocial (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) and probably also with an intermittent explosive disorder (IED). However, there is little knowledge to what extent this bias is displayed by each of these patient groups. The present study investigated whether a HIB regarding emotional facial expressions was displayed by forensic psychiatric outpatients (FPOs) and whether it was associated with ASPD and BPD in general or, more specifically, with a disposition to react with pathological aggression. Participants of five different groups were recruited: FPOs with ASPD, BPD, or IED, non\u2010forensic patients with BPD (nFPOs\u2010BPD), and healthy, non\u2010aggressive controls (HCs). Results suggest that solely FPOs with ASPD, BPD, or IED exhibit a HIB regarding emotional facial expressions. Moreover, this bias was associated with type and severity of aggression, trait aggression, and cognitive distortions. The results suggest that a HIB regarding facial expressions is an important characteristic of pathological aggressive behavior. Interventions that modify the HIB might help to reduce the recurrence of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 43:386\u2013397, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]],"date-time":"2017-02-12T23:32:53Z","timestamp":1486942373000},"page":"386-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Generalized hostile interpretation bias regarding facial expressions: Characteristic of pathological aggressive behavior"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Danique","family":"Smeijers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Rinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Bulten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pompestichting Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thom","family":"van den Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robbert\u2010Jan","family":"Verkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Pompestichting Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., Text revision, DSM\u2013 IV\u2013TR)","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964\u2010007\u20109211\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098\u20102337(1996)22:5%3C333::AID\u2010AB2%3E3.0.CO;2\u2010K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014616702237649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.63.3.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"The relationship of anger and cognitive distortions with violence in violent offenders' population: A meta\u2010analytic review","volume":"4","author":"Chereji S. 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