{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:08:43Z","timestamp":1787162923386,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005217","name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01\/CE001677"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01\/CE001677"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011\u2010 90948\u2010IL\u2010IJ"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\u2010 90948\u2010IL\u2010IJ"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17IPA1706096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17IPA1706096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aggressive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adolescents engage in bullying and sexual harassment perpetration both in\u2010person and online. Yet, little is known about the overlap of traditional (in\u2010person) and cyber bullying and sexual harassment perpetration. The present study assessed the co\u2010occurrence of these forms of aggression in high school and identified middle school predictors based on participants\u2019 perceptions of factors across the social ecology. Racially diverse middle and high school students (\n                      <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20093549) were surveyed over four time points from Spring 2008 to Spring 2013. A latent class analysis was used to identify classes of individuals according to endorsement of traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment items in high school. Four classes were identified: (1) high all, consisting of traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment perpetration (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009227); (2) traditional bullying perpetration (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009604); (3) traditional and cyber bullying perpetration (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009450); and (4) low all (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091,261). Students who reported high levels of anger, self\u2010esteem, empathy, pornographic exposure, and traditional masculinity (individual level), lower levels of social support and parental monitoring (relational level), and higher levels of school belonging (community level) had increased odds of being in the high all class when compared to the other classes. Given the co\u2010occurrence of traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment, prevention programming that addresses both forms of aggression across traditional and online contexts may be beneficial. This study also suggests the importance of comprehensive prevention efforts that incorporate approaches at the different ecological levels, such as teaching adolescents healthy emotional and interpersonal skills, and engaging parents in prevention.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T22:53:28Z","timestamp":1545432808000},"page":"181-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment: A longitudinal assessment of risk and protective factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7228-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth W.","family":"Leemis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0658-2067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothy L.","family":"Espelage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Florida Gainesville Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen C.","family":"Basile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9517-7690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M.","family":"Mercer Kollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6108-4936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan P.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak\u2010Peck School of Social Work, Department of Children, Youth, and Families USC Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Anderson M. &Jiang J.(2018). Teens social media & technology 2018. Internet & Technology. Pew Research Center Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2018\/05\/31\/teens\u2010social\u2010media\u2010technology\u20102018\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019384102237850"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Basile K. C. DeGue S. Jones K. Freire K. Dills J. Smith S. G. &Raiford J. L.(2016). STOP SV: A Technical Package to Prevent Sexual Violence. Atlanta GA: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2009.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2013.3.15684"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Bosworth K. &Espelage D.(1995). Teen Conflict Survey. 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