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Using a cross\u2010sectional school survey conducted in one German federal state, two forms of teacher\u2010targeted aggression were assessed: verbal (insulting, threatening, and mocking) and physical (beating and pushing) aggression. Every ninth student reported verbal aggression, while 0.5% of students reported physical aggression against teachers. Multilevel probability models showed that individual importation factors (low self\u2010control, male gender, and exposure to severe parental violence), together with individual deprivation factors (repeated victimization by teachers and low school achievement) play a role in explaining teacher\u2010targeted aggression. The school\u2010level deprivation factor of negative teacher\u2013student relationships was also relevant, whereas low teacher control and attending lower\u2010level schools were unrelated to the perpetration of teacher\u2010targeted aggression. The present study stresses the need to acknowledge the multilevel etiology of teacher\u2010targeted aggression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T20:24:50Z","timestamp":1548879890000},"page":"337-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Importation and deprivation factors influencing teacher\u2010targeted aggression among secondary school students in Germany: A multilevel analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monitoring of Unreported Crime and Program Evaluation, Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie Christine","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monitoring of Unreported Crime and Program Evaluation, Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Schneegans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8063-7276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk","family":"Baier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Delinquency and Crime Prevention, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167217703064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-007-0170-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226041223.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_5_1","first-page":"886260517746129","article-title":"Risk and protective factors of child\u2010to\u2010parent violence: A comparison between physical and verbal aggression","author":"Beckmann L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Situational peer effects on adolescents\u2019 alcohol consumption: The moderating role of supervision, activity structure, and personal moral rules","author":"Beier H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Deviant Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_7_1","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Jugendliche in Niedersachsen. 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