{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T11:33:07Z","timestamp":1768044787827,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN\u2010148389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN\u2010148389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aggressive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Difficulty recognizing negative emotions (NEs) in children is linked to increased antisocial traits and externalizing problems. However, crucial aspects of this relation remain unclear, such as: whether NE recognition is associated with externalizing problems in general or only a particular subcomponent (i.e., aggression); whether subcomponents of NE recognition (i.e., insensitivity and misspecifications) are relatively more important; and how these relations change over the course of development. We assessed emotion recognition, overt aggression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in an ethnically diverse sample of Canadian children (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009150; 4\u2010year\u2010olds, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009148; 8\u2010year\u2010olds) and followed up with them 1 year later (86.9% retention). Emotion recognition was assessed using a behavioral task and caregivers reported on children's externalizing symptoms. Children with lower NE recognition had higher initial, but not subsequent, overt aggression, even when controlling for nonaggressive externalizing symptoms (i.e., ADHD and ODD symptoms). NE recognition was not concurrently or longitudinally associated with nonaggressive externalizing symptoms. Age and gender did not moderate these findings. Both higher NE insensitivity (e.g., reporting a sad face appears neutral) and misspecifications (e.g., reporting a sad face appears angry) were significantly associated with higher concurrent overt aggression. In conclusion, both NE insensitivity and misspecifications were found to be uniquely important for children's overt aggression. These findings highlight the importance of different forms of NE recognition and differentiating between aggressive and nonaggressive externalizing problems in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T11:35:30Z","timestamp":1628508930000},"page":"646-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Children's emotion recognition and aggression: A multi\u2010cohort longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1550-9980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erinn L.","family":"Acland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy University of Toronto Mississauga  Mississauga Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1183-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Jambon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy University of Toronto Mississauga  Mississauga Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Malti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, and Policy University of Toronto Mississauga  Mississauga Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for ASEBA preschool forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T. M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school\u2010age forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T. M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.36.4.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-007-9211-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00863.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(95)00676-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-2014(01)00039-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00744"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.2.222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711002212"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology","author":"Coie J. D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00139"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156853993X00290"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118963418.childpsy319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.2.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2008.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2014.844058"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9507.00153"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.60.110707.163539"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0498-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","volume-title":"Kaufman brief intelligence test\u2014Manual","author":"Kaufman A. S.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-009-9168-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2017.1392248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410902851382"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1063426611421007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","unstructured":"Long J. A.(2020).jtools: Analysis and presentation of social scientific data. R package version 2.1.0.https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/package=jtools"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Handbook of Child and Adolescent Aggression","author":"Malti T.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930500405691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01427.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025413503423"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2012.657536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.36.5.679"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","first-page":"146","volume-title":"The own\u2010age bias in face recognition: A meta\u2010analytic and theoretical review. In Psychological Bulletin","author":"Rhodes M. G.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579418000135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30167-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0468-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579404044566"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2009.00541.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2017).Census Profile 2016 Census.https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2016\/dp-pd\/prof\/index.cfm?Lang=E"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21466"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2009.00543.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.03.008"}],"container-title":["Aggressive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ab.21989","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ab.21989","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ab.21989","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T13:33:13Z","timestamp":1693315993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ab.21989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ab.21989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.21989","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0096-140X","1098-2337"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0096-140X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2337","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}