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In this article, we examine major findings and concepts from extant psychological research on hostile aggression and offer an integrative conception: aggression is a primordial means for establishing one's sense of significance and mattering, thus addressing a fundamental social\u2010psychological need. Our functional portrayal of aggression as a means to significance yields four testable hypotheses: (1) frustration will elicit hostile aggression proportionately to the extent that the frustrated goal serves the individual's need for significance, (2) the impulse to aggress in response to significance loss will be enhanced in conditions that limit the individual's ability to reflect and engage in extensive information processing (that may bring up alternative, socially condoned means to significance), (3) significance\u2010reducing frustration will elicit hostile aggression unless the impulse to aggress is substituted by a nonaggressive means of significance restoration, (4) apart from significance loss, an opportunity for significance gain can increase the impulse to aggress. These hypotheses are supported by extant data as well as novel research findings in real\u2010world contexts. They have important implications for understanding human aggression and the conditions under which it is likely to be manifested and reduced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.22092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T23:38:00Z","timestamp":1686181080000},"page":"445-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Frustration\u2013aggression hypothesis reconsidered: The role of significance quest"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Arie W.","family":"Kruglanski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Ellenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Szumowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Department of Philosophy Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Molinario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology \u2010 The Water School Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers Florida USA"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Department of Philosophy Jagiellonian University Krakow Krakow Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Speckhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Founding Director \u2010 International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE) Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. 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