{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T11:17:36Z","timestamp":1769944656666,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aggressive Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preschool children's reasoning regarding moral events differs according to adversity and relates to aggression. Understanding morality in young children is paramount for understanding their aggressive behaviors. The study aims to identify patterns of aggression and prosocial behavior using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and investigate how patterns of aggression and prosocial behavior relate to reasoning about prototypic moral events. One hundred six children (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20094.40 years old, SD\u2009=\u20090.55 years old, Range: 3.08\u20135.33 years old, 51% boys) enrolled in Head Start programs and their caregivers participated. In the fall caregivers completed surveys on forms (i.e., the manifestation of behavior) and functions of aggression (i.e., motivation of behavior), and prosocial behavior. The following spring children completed two moral reasoning tasks that measured children's judgment and reasoning of harm, and their attributions of transgressors'\u00a0reasoning. The LCA revealed a 3\u2010class solution: (1) high levels of relational aggression and moderate levels of prosocial behavior (<jats:italic>bistrategic controllers<\/jats:italic>), (2) low levels of both aggression and average prosocial behavior (<jats:italic>uninvolved<\/jats:italic>), (3) high levels of all types of aggression and low levels of prosocial behavior (<jats:italic>high aggression<\/jats:italic>). Subsequent analyses suggest that uninvolved children prioritize adhering to authority over other concerns, and bistrategic controllers focused on goal\u2010oriented reasoning. Overall, our findings support that recognizing patterns of behavior may be useful in understanding children's moral reasoning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.22099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T04:24:40Z","timestamp":1688444680000},"page":"616-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multidimensional profiles of Head Start children's social behaviors predict their interpretations of physical aggression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin Ruth","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany State University of New York Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0847-4580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie","family":"Gahtan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany State University of New York Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1790-3043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumaita Binta","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany State University of New York Albany New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9684-5985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294359"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2004.00720.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.22025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2021.101035"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-022-01313-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2022.2133851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409289.2020.1780561"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2008.01184.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1063426620937691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118270011.ch8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.4.579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01778.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-021-00813-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"The development and treatment of childhood aggression","author":"Dodge K. A.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00958"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1980.10477552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"646","volume-title":"Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development","author":"Eisenberg N.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221309.2019.1609897"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15566935eed1602_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-016-0141-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-020-00709-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","article-title":"Biasing moral decisions using eye movements: Replication and simulation","author":"Falandays J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"CogSci"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721419881154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0488-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430.2012.738200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029549"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/mpq.2003.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups","author":"Hawley P. H.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mono.12427"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-018-0498-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000714"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of parenting and moral development","author":"Jambon M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-005-0432-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2012.762750"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdep.12163"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","first-page":"212","volume-title":"Handbook of child and adolescent aggression","author":"Malti T.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2009.01271.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2012.01851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-022-01479-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2006.00346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n L. K. &Muth\u00e9n B. O.(2017). Mplus: Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables: User's Guide (Version 8). Los Angeles CA.https:\/\/www.statmodel.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15566935eed1602_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2007.12087950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sode.12024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0642-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335362"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691610369468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025420935630"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.2010.02002.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Comparison of post hoc tests for unequal variance","volume":"2","author":"Shingala M. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of New Technologies in Science and Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-008-9101-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-016-0149-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Handbook of moral development","author":"Smetana J. G.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","volume-title":"Handbook of moral development","author":"Smetana J. G.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000492803"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003047247-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0861-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2021.101556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","unstructured":"UNICEF. (2021).UNICEF annual report 2021.https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/reports\/unicef-annual-report-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. (2021).Income and poverty in the United States: 2020(p. 92).https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2021\/demo\/p60-273.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21950"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Developmental origins of aggression","author":"Vitaro F.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.97.4.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00207"}],"container-title":["Aggressive Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ab.22099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T17:19:26Z","timestamp":1697131166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ab.22099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ab.22099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.22099","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0096-140X","1098-2337"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0096-140X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2337","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}