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Furthermore, there is limited cross\u2010national research evaluating similarities and differences in bullying victimization and its associations with mental health. The current study addressed gaps in the literature by evaluating cognitive and affective responses to stress (i.e., emotion regulation, rumination, and distress tolerance) as potential mediators of the link between recalled bullying victimization and current depressive symptoms among 5909 (70.6% female) college students from seven countries. Results revealed specific indirect associations of bullying victimization through distress tolerance and three out of four facets of rumination, as well as a persistent direct association of childhood bullying on adulthood depression. Emotion regulation strategies were not significantly associated with bullying victimization and did not mediate its association with depressive symptoms. Constrained multigroup models indicated that results were invariant across country and gender. Findings provide evidence of statistical mediation in a cross\u2010sectional sample and await replication in prospective studies. Rumination and distress tolerance may be promising targets for resilience\u2010promoting interventions among children experiencing peer victimization. Ongoing research is needed to clarify cross\u2010national patterns in childhood bullying, identify additional mediators accounting for the remaining direct association, and evaluate emotion regulation as a potential moderator of associations between bullying victimization and adult mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.22111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T12:54:06Z","timestamp":1694177646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Childhood bullying victimization, emotion regulation, rumination, distress tolerance, and depressive symptoms: A cross\u2010national examination among young adults in seven countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Madelyn H.","family":"Labella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences William &amp; Mary Williamsburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelamberi D.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences William &amp; Mary Williamsburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Yeboah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences William &amp; Mary Williamsburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences William &amp; Mary Williamsburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley N.","family":"Doane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Kaminer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4630-6449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences William &amp; Mary Williamsburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Cross\u2010Cultural Addictions Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022112453314"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709991383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2017.1382636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2021.100373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843x.111.1.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research","author":"Brown T. 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