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We attempted to clarify this by exploring the serial effects of personal relative deprivation and hostility on civic moral disengagement. We conducted a three\u2010wave longitudinal survey with 1058 undergraduates (63.61% women; mean age\u2009=\u200920.97). The results of the random intercept cross\u2010lagged panel model showed that personal relative deprivation at Wave 1 and hostility at Wave 2 formed a serial effect on the within\u2010person changes in civic moral disengagement at Wave 3, and the longitudinal indirect effect test showed that the within\u2010person dynamics in hostility at Wave 2 acted as a mediator. The results of multiple group analysis across genders further showed that the longitudinal indirect role of hostility at Wave 2 was only observed for men, but not for women, which indicates the moderating effect of gender. These findings facilitate an understanding of the mechanisms of aggressive cognitions at the within\u2010person level and offer implications for the prevention and intervention of aggression from the perspective of moral cognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.22164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T13:40:07Z","timestamp":1720014007000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Understanding the moral cognition of aggression: Longitudinal serial effects of personal relative deprivation and hostility on within\u2010person changes in civic moral disengagement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1875-5666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuo\u2010Shan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China"},{"name":"School of Teacher Education Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4024-5312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling\u2010Xiang","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"The MacArthur scale of subjective social status","author":"Adler N.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.22019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"168","volume-title":"The social psychology of good and evil","author":"Anderson C. 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