{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:16:56Z","timestamp":1786976216624,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,26]],"date-time":"2017-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A low modulation factor (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) maintaining a good dose distribution contributes to the shortening of the delivery time and efficiency of the treatment plan in helical tomotherapy. The purpose of this study was to reduce the delivery time using initial values and the upper limit values of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . First, patients with head and neck cancer (293 cases) or prostate cancer (181 cases) treated between June 2011 and July 2015 were included in the analysis of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    values. The initial\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    value (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>initial<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was defined as the average\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>actual<\/jats:sub>\n                    value, and the upper limit of the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    value (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      MF\n                      <jats:sub>UL<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) was defined according the following equation:\u2028MF\n                    <jats:sub>UL<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 2 \u00d7 standard deviation of\n                    <jats:italic>MF<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>actual<\/jats:sub>\n                    value + the average\n                    <jats:italic>MF<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>actual<\/jats:sub>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Next, a treatment plan was designed for patients with head and neck cancer (62 cases) and prostate cancer (13 cases) treated between December 2015 and June 2016. The average\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>actual<\/jats:sub>\n                    value for the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and prostate cases decreased from 2.1 to 1.9 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0006), 1.9 to 1.6 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001), 2.0 to 1.7 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001), and 1.8 to 1.6 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0004) by adapting the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>initial<\/jats:sub>\n                    and the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      MF\n                      <jats:sub>UL<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    values, respectively. The average delivery time for the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and prostate cases also decreased from 19.9 s cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 16.7 s cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.0001), 15.0 s cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 13.9 s cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.025), 15.1 s cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 13.8 s cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.015), and 23.6 s cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 16.9 s cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.008) respectively. The delivery time was shortened by the adaptation of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <jats:sub>initial<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      MF\n                      <jats:sub>UL<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    values with a reduction in the average\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>actual<\/jats:sub>\n                    for head and neck cancer and prostate cancer cases.\n                  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