{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T03:10:41Z","timestamp":1773976241547,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Full face and neck thermoplastic masks provide standard\u2010of\u2010care immobilization for patients receiving H&amp;N <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMRT<\/jats:styled-content>. However, these masks are uncomfortable and increase skin dose. The purpose of this pilot trial was to investigate the feasibility and setup accuracy of minimal face and neck mask immobilization with optical surface guidance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty patients enrolled onto this <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IRB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010approved protocol. Patients were immobilized with masks securing only forehead and chin. Shoulder movement was restricted by either moldable cushion or hand held strap retractors. Positional information, including isocenter location and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> skin contours, were imported to a commercial surface image guidance system. Patients typically received standard\u2010of\u2010care <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMRT<\/jats:styled-content> to 60\u201370\u00a0Gy in 30\u201333 fractions. Patients were first set up to surface markings with optical image guidance referenced to regions of interest (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROI<\/jats:styled-content>s) on simulation <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> images. Positioning was confirmed by in\u2010room <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CBCT<\/jats:styled-content>. Following six\u2010dimensional robotic couch correction, a new optical real\u2010time surface image was acquired to track intrafraction motion and to serve as a reference surface for setup at the next treatment fraction. Therapists manually recorded total treatment time as well as couch shifts based on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kV<\/jats:styled-content> imaging. Intrafractional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROI<\/jats:styled-content> motion tracking was automatically recorded by the optical image guidance system. Patient comfort was assessed by self\u2010administered surveys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Setup error was measured as six\u2010dimensional shifts (vertical\/longitudinal\/lateral\/rotation\/pitch\/roll). Mean error values were \u22120.51\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.42\u00a0mm, \u22120.49\u00a0\u00b1 3.30\u00a0mm, 0.23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.58\u00a0mm, \u22120.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.01<jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup>, \u22120.02\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.19<jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup>, and 0.06\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.08<jats:sup>o<\/jats:sup>, respectively. Average treatment time was 21.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.4\u00a0mins). Subjective comfort during surface\u2010guided treatment was confirmed on patient surveys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These pilot results confirm feasibility of minimal mask immobilization combined with commercially available optical image guidance. Patient acceptance of minimal mask immobilization has been encouraging. Follow\u2010up validation, with direct comparison to standard mask immobilization, appears warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]],"date-time":"2017-11-09T09:32:53Z","timestamp":1510219973000},"page":"17-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Minimal mask immobilization with optical surface guidance for head and neck radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Bo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Maquilan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Tennessee Health Science Center\u2010West Cancer Center Memphis TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02756-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3483783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/56\/4\/008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-4-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2011.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182647ad5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2016.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v14i5.4400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v10i1.2919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"vanHerkM.Errors and margins in radiotherapy. Paper presented at: Seminars in radiation oncology.2004.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semradonc.2003.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00518-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2014.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2009.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.12.023"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Facm2.12211","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.12211","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.12211","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.12211","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T01:00:00Z","timestamp":1694394000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.12211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.12211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.12211","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,9]]}}}