{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:41:47Z","timestamp":1767984107633,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Applied Clin Med Phys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The utilization of iterative reconstruction makes it difficult to identify the dose\u2010noise relationship, resulting in empirical design of scan protocols and inconsistent conclusions on dose reduction for consistent image quality. This study was to quantitatively determine the dose and the blending fraction of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) based on the specified low\u2010contrast detectability (LCD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A tissue equivalent abdomen phantom and a GE discovery 750 HD computed tomography (CT) were utilized. The normality of the noise distribution was tested at various spatial scales (2.1\u20139.8\u00a0mm) in the presence of ASIR (10\u2013100%) with a wide range of doses (2.24\u201338\u00a0mGy). The statically defined minimum detectable contrast (MDC) was used as the image quality metric. The parametric model decomposed the MDC into two terms: one with and the other without ASIR, each was related to the dose in the form of power law with factors and indices dependent on spatial scales. The parameters were identified by least\u2010square fitting to the experimental data. By considering the constraint of the blending fraction in the range of [0, 1], the dose and ASIR blending fraction were determined for any specified low\u2010contrast detectability (LCD), quantified by the MDC at the concerned lesion size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was verified that noise distribution is normal in the presence of ASIR. It was also found that the noises obtained from the subtractions of adjacent slices had an underestimate of 20% as compared to the ground truth noises, regardless of the spatial scale, pitch, or ASIR blending fraction. The least\u2010square fitting for the parametric model resulted in correlation coefficients from 0.905 to 0.996. The root\u2010mean\u2010square errors ranged from 1.27% to 7.15%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The parametric model can be used to form a look\u2010up\u2010table for dose and ASIR blending fraction. The dose choices may be substantially limited in some cases depending on the required LCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T12:11:10Z","timestamp":1578053470000},"page":"128-135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Dose and blending fraction quantification for adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction based on low\u2010contrast detectability in abdomen CT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yifang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Imaging Physics Division S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center 8700 Beverly Blvd. Los Angeles California 90048 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4745563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.2397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015132766"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v17i3.5903"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4725171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4903899"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.15142047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4571-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015141260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-017-0023-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3577757"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"162","article-title":"A statistical method of defining low contrast detectability","volume":"217","author":"Chao EH","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","unstructured":"American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM E 1695: 1995 | Standard Test Method for Measurement of Computed Tomography System Performance | SAI Global;https:\/\/infostore.saiglobal.com\/enus\/ Standards\/ASTM-E-1695-1995-140092_SAIG_ASTM_ASTM_303131\/2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/19\/7671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3504606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4938588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4881148"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Facm2.12813","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.12813","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acm2.12813","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acm2.12813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T15:46:14Z","timestamp":1694101574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aapm.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acm2.12813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acm2.12813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.12813","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9914","1526-9914"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9914","type":"print"},{"value":"1526-9914","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}